Accident Lesson Card · Real investigation (tap external link for official report)
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CSB Investigation Report No. CSB-BPTEXASCITY-2005 2005 Explosion Explosion Fire Fire
CSB BP Texas City 2005 异构化装置放空罐/放空烟囱直排大气导致 15 死爆炸
BP Texas City Refinery, Texas, USA
Related equipment type → flare system (flare system)
15Fatalities
180Injuries
ExplosionMechanism code REL
⌗Failure Mode · ISO 14224 Mapping
Damage mechanism (recorded in KB)
ExplosionREL
Internal damage-mechanism code (not ISO 14224)
ISO 14224:2016 functional failure code
OTH · Other
Mapped to ISO OTH — Other.
1What Happened

异构化装置开工时脱异丁烷塔溢流，安全阀开启将可燃液体泄至放空罐及 1950 年代放空烟囱，该烟囱未接入安全火炬系统而直排大气，溢流物喷溅落地形成蒸气云遇火源爆炸（15 死 180 伤）

2Root Cause

放空系统过时且不安全——放空烟囱未连接至安全火炬系统；BP 2002 年曾考虑连接但放弃；PHAs 未充分识别该风险

3Reliability Lessons (from investigation root cause)
  • The 'Root Cause' above is the core lesson of this accident; not split further.
4Associated Failure Mechanisms (Keywords)
火炬 放空罐 放空烟囱 直排大气 溢流 安全阀 蒸气云 flare blowdown drum vent stack overflow explosion
About the Failure-Mode Code (click to expand)

The mechanism code REL shown on this card is the KB's internal damage-mechanism abbreviation (not an ISO 14224 code); it describes how the equipment failed. The 'ISO 14224 Mapping' block above maps it to the correct ISO functional failure code (which describes what the equipment failed to do) — these are two distinct dimensions in ISO 14224. The mechanism follows the narrative in the card body.

5Evidence Source (transparent)
Authority：U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB)
Official Report：www.csb.gov ↗
Data Verification：verified_url_csb_2026-08-08 (CSB Texas City 2005 调查进展/根因新闻页 nid=215)
↗Related Failure Modes · Traceability
高温氧化 MECH-OXIDATION湿硫化氢损伤 MECH-WET-H2S安全仪表拒动 MECH-SIS-FAIL-TO-ACT蠕变与应力破裂 MECH-CREEP酸性水腐蚀 MECH-SOUR-WATER高温硫化氢/氢腐蚀 MECH-HT-H2S结垢/堵塞 MECH-FOULING热疲劳 MECH-THERMAL-FATIGUE硫化腐蚀 MECH-SULFIDATION冲蚀/冲刷腐蚀 MECH-EROSION硫氢化铵腐蚀 MECH-ABS均匀/局部减薄（通用减薄） MECH-THINNING大气腐蚀 MECH-ATMOS机械疲劳 MECH-MECH-FATIGUE球化（软化） MECH-SPHEROIDIZATION
Report No. CSB-BPTEXASCITY-2005 · Data from CSB public investigation conclusions, compiled by Reliability AI, for reliability demonstration purposes only. This case is derived from public incident investigation reports for learning purposes only. AIM does not endorse or guarantee its accuracy.