Tap any failure mode → flip to its on-site guidance (pure-CSS, no JS needed on mobile)
板式换热器/板换/钎焊板换 (Plate Heat Exchanger)板式换热器/板换/钎焊板换 (Plate Heat Exchanger)
⚠ ⚠ Top risk: 氯化物应力腐蚀开裂 · RPN 72 (Critical) — watch this one first at the equipment
Risk Board (all 13 · by RPN · top 6 highlighted urgent)
Shield: Safety = people/environment　Production = production only
Technical mechanism/mitigation body in Chinese (red line: no fabricated MT; EN UI labels translated)
13Failure Modes
12High/Critical
8Standards
5Real Accidents
Tap any failure mode to flip to its on-site guidance
Device-level standard/accident index (8 standards / 5 accidents)
Standards (8 de-duplicated)
  • API 662
  • TEMA
  • API 572
  • API 570 — Piping Inspection Code
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • GB/T 16409
  • API RP 571
Accident Lessons (5 de-duplicated)
2010-05-I-WAcsb2010 ↗
Tesoro Anacortes Refinery Heat Exchanger Rupture
2016-02-I-MScsb2016 ↗
Enterprise Pascagoula 气体厂换热器热疲劳破裂（帕斯卡古拉）
CN-MEM-2022-06-18CN-MEM2022 ↗
上海石化'6·18'1#乙二醇装置环氧乙烷精制塔爆炸事故（2022，1 死1 伤）
CSB-HONEYWELL-GEISMAR-2023csb2023 ↗
Honeywell Geismar 换热器破裂致氟化氢/氯气泄漏
2013-02-I-LAcsb2013 ↗
Williams Geismar Olefins Plant Reboiler Explosion
FM Traceability Cards (13)
Generated by Reliability AI
氯化物应力腐蚀开裂RPN 72 · Critical
Failure Mechanism
氯化物应力腐蚀开裂 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Re-inspect ≤every24months
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • 壁厚测量(UT)
  • 目视/内窥镜检查
  • 腐蚀速率监测
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (8)
  • API 662
  • TEMA
  • API 572
  • API 570 — Piping Inspection Code
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • GB/T 16409
  • API RP 571
Lessons Learned (3)
2010-05-I-WAcsb2010Fatalities 7 · Safety
Tesoro Anacortes Refinery Heat Exchanger Rupture
Root cause: Shell-side corrosion of heat exchanger not detected + design did not address shell-side integrity.
Official source ↗
2016-02-I-MScsb2016Safety/Operational
Enterprise Pascagoula 气体厂换热器热疲劳破裂（帕斯卡古拉）
Root cause: BAHX 热疲劳开裂；服役寿命与热循环评估不足，PHA 未识别低温热疲劳失效
Official source ↗
CN-MEM-2022-06-18CN-MEM2022Fatalities 1 · Injuries 1 · Fire/Explosion
上海石化'6·18'1#乙二醇装置环氧乙烷精制塔爆炸事故（2022，1 死1 伤）
Root cause: 管道 P-4507 多次违规带压堵漏（规定≤2 处实际 4 处）'带病'运行至断裂；未辨识氯离子应力腐蚀；未按变更管理；老旧装置风险排查不到位
Official source ↗
腐蚀疲劳RPN 72 · Critical
Failure Mechanism
腐蚀疲劳 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 70% ；Re-inspect ≤every24months
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • 磁粉/超声波检测
  • 应力分析复核
  • Periodic nondestructive testing
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (8)
  • API 662
  • TEMA
  • API 572
  • API 570 — Piping Inspection Code
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • GB/T 16409
  • API RP 571
Lessons Learned (3)
2010-05-I-WAcsb2010Fatalities 7 · Safety
Tesoro Anacortes Refinery Heat Exchanger Rupture
Root cause: Shell-side corrosion of heat exchanger not detected + design did not address shell-side integrity.
Official source ↗
CN-MEM-2022-06-18CN-MEM2022Fatalities 1 · Injuries 1 · Fire/Explosion
上海石化'6·18'1#乙二醇装置环氧乙烷精制塔爆炸事故（2022，1 死1 伤）
Root cause: 管道 P-4507 多次违规带压堵漏（规定≤2 处实际 4 处）'带病'运行至断裂；未辨识氯离子应力腐蚀；未按变更管理；老旧装置风险排查不到位
Official source ↗
CSB-HONEYWELL-GEISMAR-2023csb2023Injuries 1 · Safety/Environmental
Honeywell Geismar 换热器破裂致氟化氢/氯气泄漏
Root cause: 换热器壳程完整性管理不足（与 2010 Tesoro Anacortes 同类失效机理）；HF 设备腐蚀监测与隔离保护待加强
Official source ↗
机械疲劳RPN 72 · Critical
Failure Mechanism
机械疲劳 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 70% ；Re-inspect ≤every24months
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • 磁粉/超声波检测
  • 应力分析复核
  • Periodic nondestructive testing
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (8)
  • API 662
  • TEMA
  • API 572
  • API 570 — Piping Inspection Code
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • GB/T 16409
  • API RP 571
Lessons Learned (3)
2010-05-I-WAcsb2010Fatalities 7 · Safety
Tesoro Anacortes Refinery Heat Exchanger Rupture
Root cause: Shell-side corrosion of heat exchanger not detected + design did not address shell-side integrity.
Official source ↗
2013-02-I-LAcsb2013Fatalities 2 · Injuries 167 · Safety
Williams Geismar Olefins Plant Reboiler Explosion
Root cause: Reboiler level loss of control + inadequate overpressure protection + hot-gas bypass valve mistakenly opened.
Official source ↗
CN-MEM-2022-06-18CN-MEM2022Fatalities 1 · Injuries 1 · Fire/Explosion
上海石化'6·18'1#乙二醇装置环氧乙烷精制塔爆炸事故（2022，1 死1 伤）
Root cause: 管道 P-4507 多次违规带压堵漏（规定≤2 处实际 4 处）'带病'运行至断裂；未辨识氯离子应力腐蚀；未按变更管理；老旧装置风险排查不到位
Official source ↗
脆性断裂RPN 72 · Critical
Failure Mechanism
脆性断裂 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 70% ；Re-inspect ≤every24months
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • 磁粉/超声波检测
  • 应力分析复核
  • Periodic nondestructive testing
RCM Strategy
RTFDesign Modification / Inspection Task
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (8)
  • API 662
  • TEMA
  • API 572
  • API 570 — Piping Inspection Code
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • GB/T 16409
  • API RP 571
Lessons Learned (3)
2010-05-I-WAcsb2010Fatalities 7 · Safety
Tesoro Anacortes Refinery Heat Exchanger Rupture
Root cause: Shell-side corrosion of heat exchanger not detected + design did not address shell-side integrity.
Official source ↗
2013-02-I-LAcsb2013Fatalities 2 · Injuries 167 · Safety
Williams Geismar Olefins Plant Reboiler Explosion
Root cause: Reboiler level loss of control + inadequate overpressure protection + hot-gas bypass valve mistakenly opened.
Official source ↗
CN-MEM-2022-06-18CN-MEM2022Fatalities 1 · Injuries 1 · Fire/Explosion
上海石化'6·18'1#乙二醇装置环氧乙烷精制塔爆炸事故（2022，1 死1 伤）
Root cause: 管道 P-4507 多次违规带压堵漏（规定≤2 处实际 4 处）'带病'运行至断裂；未辨识氯离子应力腐蚀；未按变更管理；老旧装置风险排查不到位
Official source ↗
冷却水腐蚀RPN 54 · High
Failure Mechanism
冷却水腐蚀 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Interval by RBI
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • Periodic inspection
  • 状态监测
  • 性能评估
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (8)
  • API 662
  • TEMA
  • API 572
  • API 570 — Piping Inspection Code
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • GB/T 16409
  • API RP 571
Lessons Learned (3)
2010-05-I-WAcsb2010Fatalities 7 · Safety
Tesoro Anacortes Refinery Heat Exchanger Rupture
Root cause: Shell-side corrosion of heat exchanger not detected + design did not address shell-side integrity.
Official source ↗
CN-MEM-2022-06-18CN-MEM2022Fatalities 1 · Injuries 1 · Fire/Explosion
上海石化'6·18'1#乙二醇装置环氧乙烷精制塔爆炸事故（2022，1 死1 伤）
Root cause: 管道 P-4507 多次违规带压堵漏（规定≤2 处实际 4 处）'带病'运行至断裂；未辨识氯离子应力腐蚀；未按变更管理；老旧装置风险排查不到位
Official source ↗
CSB-HONEYWELL-GEISMAR-2023csb2023Injuries 1 · Safety/Environmental
Honeywell Geismar 换热器破裂致氟化氢/氯气泄漏
Root cause: 换热器壳程完整性管理不足（与 2010 Tesoro Anacortes 同类失效机理）；HF 设备腐蚀监测与隔离保护待加强
Official source ↗
密封失效RPN 54 · High
Failure Mechanism
密封失效 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Interval by RBI
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • Periodic inspection
  • 状态监测
  • 性能评估
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (8)
  • API 662
  • TEMA
  • API 572
  • API 570 — Piping Inspection Code
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • GB/T 16409
  • API RP 571
Lessons Learned (3)
2010-05-I-WAcsb2010Fatalities 7 · Safety
Tesoro Anacortes Refinery Heat Exchanger Rupture
Root cause: Shell-side corrosion of heat exchanger not detected + design did not address shell-side integrity.
Official source ↗
2013-02-I-LAcsb2013Fatalities 2 · Injuries 167 · Safety
Williams Geismar Olefins Plant Reboiler Explosion
Root cause: Reboiler level loss of control + inadequate overpressure protection + hot-gas bypass valve mistakenly opened.
Official source ↗
CN-MEM-2022-06-18CN-MEM2022Fatalities 1 · Injuries 1 · Fire/Explosion
上海石化'6·18'1#乙二醇装置环氧乙烷精制塔爆炸事故（2022，1 死1 伤）
Root cause: 管道 P-4507 多次违规带压堵漏（规定≤2 处实际 4 处）'带病'运行至断裂；未辨识氯离子应力腐蚀；未按变更管理；老旧装置风险排查不到位
Official source ↗
微生物腐蚀RPN 54 · High
Failure Mechanism
微生物腐蚀 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Interval by RBI
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • Periodic inspection
  • 状态监测
  • 性能评估
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (8)
  • API 662
  • TEMA
  • API 572
  • API 570 — Piping Inspection Code
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • GB/T 16409
  • API RP 571
Lessons Learned (3)
2010-05-I-WAcsb2010Fatalities 7 · Safety
Tesoro Anacortes Refinery Heat Exchanger Rupture
Root cause: Shell-side corrosion of heat exchanger not detected + design did not address shell-side integrity.
Official source ↗
CN-MEM-2022-06-18CN-MEM2022Fatalities 1 · Injuries 1 · Fire/Explosion
上海石化'6·18'1#乙二醇装置环氧乙烷精制塔爆炸事故（2022，1 死1 伤）
Root cause: 管道 P-4507 多次违规带压堵漏（规定≤2 处实际 4 处）'带病'运行至断裂；未辨识氯离子应力腐蚀；未按变更管理；老旧装置风险排查不到位
Official source ↗
CSB-HONEYWELL-GEISMAR-2023csb2023Injuries 1 · Safety/Environmental
Honeywell Geismar 换热器破裂致氟化氢/氯气泄漏
Root cause: 换热器壳程完整性管理不足（与 2010 Tesoro Anacortes 同类失效机理）；HF 设备腐蚀监测与隔离保护待加强
Official source ↗
冲蚀/冲刷腐蚀RPN 54 · High
Failure Mechanism
冲蚀/冲刷腐蚀 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Interval by RBI
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • 壁厚测量(UT)
  • 目视/内窥镜检查
  • 腐蚀速率监测
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (8)
  • API 662
  • TEMA
  • API 572
  • API 570 — Piping Inspection Code
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • GB/T 16409
  • API RP 571
Lessons Learned (3)
2010-05-I-WAcsb2010Fatalities 7 · Safety
Tesoro Anacortes Refinery Heat Exchanger Rupture
Root cause: Shell-side corrosion of heat exchanger not detected + design did not address shell-side integrity.
Official source ↗
CN-MEM-2022-06-18CN-MEM2022Fatalities 1 · Injuries 1 · Fire/Explosion
上海石化'6·18'1#乙二醇装置环氧乙烷精制塔爆炸事故（2022，1 死1 伤）
Root cause: 管道 P-4507 多次违规带压堵漏（规定≤2 处实际 4 处）'带病'运行至断裂；未辨识氯离子应力腐蚀；未按变更管理；老旧装置风险排查不到位
Official source ↗
CSB-HONEYWELL-GEISMAR-2023csb2023Injuries 1 · Safety/Environmental
Honeywell Geismar 换热器破裂致氟化氢/氯气泄漏
Root cause: 换热器壳程完整性管理不足（与 2010 Tesoro Anacortes 同类失效机理）；HF 设备腐蚀监测与隔离保护待加强
Official source ↗
均匀/局部减薄（通用减薄）RPN 54 · High
Failure Mechanism
均匀/局部减薄（通用减薄） 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Interval by RBI
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • 壁厚测量(UT)
  • 目视/内窥镜检查
  • 腐蚀速率监测
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (8)
  • API 662
  • TEMA
  • API 572
  • API 570 — Piping Inspection Code
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • GB/T 16409
  • API RP 571
Lessons Learned (3)
2010-05-I-WAcsb2010Fatalities 7 · Safety
Tesoro Anacortes Refinery Heat Exchanger Rupture
Root cause: Shell-side corrosion of heat exchanger not detected + design did not address shell-side integrity.
Official source ↗
2013-02-I-LAcsb2013Fatalities 2 · Injuries 167 · Safety
Williams Geismar Olefins Plant Reboiler Explosion
Root cause: Reboiler level loss of control + inadequate overpressure protection + hot-gas bypass valve mistakenly opened.
Official source ↗
CN-MEM-2022-06-18CN-MEM2022Fatalities 1 · Injuries 1 · Fire/Explosion
上海石化'6·18'1#乙二醇装置环氧乙烷精制塔爆炸事故（2022，1 死1 伤）
Root cause: 管道 P-4507 多次违规带压堵漏（规定≤2 处实际 4 处）'带病'运行至断裂；未辨识氯离子应力腐蚀；未按变更管理；老旧装置风险排查不到位
Official source ↗
大气腐蚀RPN 54 · High
Failure Mechanism
大气腐蚀 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Interval by RBI
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • 壁厚测量(UT)
  • 目视/内窥镜检查
  • 腐蚀速率监测
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (8)
  • API 662
  • TEMA
  • API 572
  • API 570 — Piping Inspection Code
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • GB/T 16409
  • API RP 571
Lessons Learned (3)
2010-05-I-WAcsb2010Fatalities 7 · Safety
Tesoro Anacortes Refinery Heat Exchanger Rupture
Root cause: Shell-side corrosion of heat exchanger not detected + design did not address shell-side integrity.
Official source ↗
CN-MEM-2022-06-18CN-MEM2022Fatalities 1 · Injuries 1 · Fire/Explosion
上海石化'6·18'1#乙二醇装置环氧乙烷精制塔爆炸事故（2022，1 死1 伤）
Root cause: 管道 P-4507 多次违规带压堵漏（规定≤2 处实际 4 处）'带病'运行至断裂；未辨识氯离子应力腐蚀；未按变更管理；老旧装置风险排查不到位
Official source ↗
CSB-HONEYWELL-GEISMAR-2023csb2023Injuries 1 · Safety/Environmental
Honeywell Geismar 换热器破裂致氟化氢/氯气泄漏
Root cause: 换热器壳程完整性管理不足（与 2010 Tesoro Anacortes 同类失效机理）；HF 设备腐蚀监测与隔离保护待加强
Official source ↗
选择性脱合金RPN 54 · High
Failure Mechanism
选择性脱合金 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Interval by RBI
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • Periodic inspection
  • 状态监测
  • 性能评估
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (8)
  • API 662
  • TEMA
  • API 572
  • API 570 — Piping Inspection Code
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • GB/T 16409
  • API RP 571
Lessons Learned (3)
2010-05-I-WAcsb2010Fatalities 7 · Safety
Tesoro Anacortes Refinery Heat Exchanger Rupture
Root cause: Shell-side corrosion of heat exchanger not detected + design did not address shell-side integrity.
Official source ↗
2013-02-I-LAcsb2013Fatalities 2 · Injuries 167 · Safety
Williams Geismar Olefins Plant Reboiler Explosion
Root cause: Reboiler level loss of control + inadequate overpressure protection + hot-gas bypass valve mistakenly opened.
Official source ↗
CN-MEM-2022-06-18CN-MEM2022Fatalities 1 · Injuries 1 · Fire/Explosion
上海石化'6·18'1#乙二醇装置环氧乙烷精制塔爆炸事故（2022，1 死1 伤）
Root cause: 管道 P-4507 多次违规带压堵漏（规定≤2 处实际 4 处）'带病'运行至断裂；未辨识氯离子应力腐蚀；未按变更管理；老旧装置风险排查不到位
Official source ↗
电偶腐蚀RPN 54 · High
Failure Mechanism
电偶腐蚀 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Interval by RBI
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • 壁厚测量(UT)
  • 目视/内窥镜检查
  • 腐蚀速率监测
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (8)
  • API 662
  • TEMA
  • API 572
  • API 570 — Piping Inspection Code
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • GB/T 16409
  • API RP 571
Lessons Learned (3)
2010-05-I-WAcsb2010Fatalities 7 · Safety
Tesoro Anacortes Refinery Heat Exchanger Rupture
Root cause: Shell-side corrosion of heat exchanger not detected + design did not address shell-side integrity.
Official source ↗
CN-MEM-2022-06-18CN-MEM2022Fatalities 1 · Injuries 1 · Fire/Explosion
上海石化'6·18'1#乙二醇装置环氧乙烷精制塔爆炸事故（2022，1 死1 伤）
Root cause: 管道 P-4507 多次违规带压堵漏（规定≤2 处实际 4 处）'带病'运行至断裂；未辨识氯离子应力腐蚀；未按变更管理；老旧装置风险排查不到位
Official source ↗
CSB-HONEYWELL-GEISMAR-2023csb2023Injuries 1 · Safety/Environmental
Honeywell Geismar 换热器破裂致氟化氢/氯气泄漏
Root cause: 换热器壳程完整性管理不足（与 2010 Tesoro Anacortes 同类失效机理）；HF 设备腐蚀监测与隔离保护待加强
Official source ↗
结垢/堵塞RPN 45 · Medium
Failure Mechanism
结垢/堵塞 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 60% ；Interval by RBI
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • 监测压差/流量
  • 定期清洗/化学清洗
  • 检查堵塞物
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (8)
  • API 662
  • TEMA
  • API 572
  • API 570 — Piping Inspection Code
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • GB/T 16409
  • API RP 571
Lessons Learned (3)
2010-05-I-WAcsb2010Fatalities 7 · Safety
Tesoro Anacortes Refinery Heat Exchanger Rupture
Root cause: Shell-side corrosion of heat exchanger not detected + design did not address shell-side integrity.
Official source ↗
2013-02-I-LAcsb2013Fatalities 2 · Injuries 167 · Safety
Williams Geismar Olefins Plant Reboiler Explosion
Root cause: Reboiler level loss of control + inadequate overpressure protection + hot-gas bypass valve mistakenly opened.
Official source ↗
CN-MEM-2022-06-18CN-MEM2022Fatalities 1 · Injuries 1 · Fire/Explosion
上海石化'6·18'1#乙二醇装置环氧乙烷精制塔爆炸事故（2022，1 死1 伤）
Root cause: 管道 P-4507 多次违规带压堵漏（规定≤2 处实际 4 处）'带病'运行至断裂；未辨识氯离子应力腐蚀；未按变更管理；老旧装置风险排查不到位
Official source ↗