Tap any failure mode → flip to its on-site guidance (pure-CSS, no JS needed on mobile)
火炬/火炬系统/高架火炬/密闭火炬 (Flare System)火炬/火炬系统/高架火炬/密闭火炬 (Flare System)
⚠ ⚠ Top risk: 湿硫化氢损伤 · RPN 72 (Critical) — watch this one first at the equipment
Risk Board (all 15 · by RPN · top 6 highlighted urgent)
Shield: Safety = people/environment　Production = production only
Technical mechanism/mitigation body in Chinese (red line: no fabricated MT; EN UI labels translated)
15Failure Modes
14High/Critical
6Standards
2Real Accidents
Tap any failure mode to flip to its on-site guidance
Device-level standard/accident index (6 standards / 2 accidents)
Standards (6 de-duplicated)
  • API 521
  • API 537
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • GB/T 50160
  • API RP 571
Accident Lessons (2 de-duplicated)
CSB-BPHUSKY-TOLEDO-2022CSB2022 ↗
CSB BP-Husky Toledo 炼厂 2022 石脑油溢流至燃料气系统闪火（2 死，2024 终报）
CSB-BPTEXASCITY-2005CSB2005 ↗
CSB BP Texas City 2005 异构化装置放空罐/放空烟囱直排大气导致 15 死爆炸
FM Traceability Cards (15)
Generated by Reliability AI
湿硫化氢损伤RPN 72 · Critical
Failure Mechanism
湿硫化氢损伤 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Re-inspect ≤every24months
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • 壁厚测量(UT)
  • 目视/内窥镜检查
  • 腐蚀速率监测
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (6)
  • API 521
  • API 537
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • GB/T 50160
  • API RP 571
Lessons Learned (2)
CSB-BPHUSKY-TOLEDO-2022CSB2022Fatalities 2 · Fire/Explosion
CSB BP-Husky Toledo 炼厂 2022 石脑油溢流至燃料气系统闪火（2 死，2024 终报）
Root cause: PHA 虽识别溢流风险但 SIS/紧急泄压阀等独立保护层未能阻止液体溢流进入燃料气系统；异常工况管理(报警洪泛 3712 条/12h)失效；未有效运用停工程序
Official source ↗
CSB-BPTEXASCITY-2005CSB2005Fatalities 15 · Injuries 180 · Explosion/Fire
CSB BP Texas City 2005 异构化装置放空罐/放空烟囱直排大气导致 15 死爆炸
Root cause: 放空系统过时且不安全——放空烟囱未连接至安全火炬系统；BP 2002 年曾考虑连接但放弃；PHAs 未充分识别该风险
Official source ↗
高温硫化氢/氢腐蚀RPN 72 · Critical
Failure Mechanism
高温硫化氢/氢腐蚀 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Re-inspect ≤every24months
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • 壁厚测量(UT)
  • 目视/内窥镜检查
  • 腐蚀速率监测
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (6)
  • API 521
  • API 537
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • GB/T 50160
  • API RP 571
Lessons Learned (2)
CSB-BPHUSKY-TOLEDO-2022CSB2022Fatalities 2 · Fire/Explosion
CSB BP-Husky Toledo 炼厂 2022 石脑油溢流至燃料气系统闪火（2 死，2024 终报）
Root cause: PHA 虽识别溢流风险但 SIS/紧急泄压阀等独立保护层未能阻止液体溢流进入燃料气系统；异常工况管理(报警洪泛 3712 条/12h)失效；未有效运用停工程序
Official source ↗
CSB-BPTEXASCITY-2005CSB2005Fatalities 15 · Injuries 180 · Explosion/Fire
CSB BP Texas City 2005 异构化装置放空罐/放空烟囱直排大气导致 15 死爆炸
Root cause: 放空系统过时且不安全——放空烟囱未连接至安全火炬系统；BP 2002 年曾考虑连接但放弃；PHAs 未充分识别该风险
Official source ↗
热疲劳RPN 72 · Critical
Failure Mechanism
热疲劳 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 70% ；Re-inspect ≤every24months
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • 磁粉/超声波检测
  • 应力分析复核
  • Periodic nondestructive testing
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (6)
  • API 521
  • API 537
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • GB/T 50160
  • API RP 571
Lessons Learned (2)
CSB-BPHUSKY-TOLEDO-2022CSB2022Fatalities 2 · Fire/Explosion
CSB BP-Husky Toledo 炼厂 2022 石脑油溢流至燃料气系统闪火（2 死，2024 终报）
Root cause: PHA 虽识别溢流风险但 SIS/紧急泄压阀等独立保护层未能阻止液体溢流进入燃料气系统；异常工况管理(报警洪泛 3712 条/12h)失效；未有效运用停工程序
Official source ↗
CSB-BPTEXASCITY-2005CSB2005Fatalities 15 · Injuries 180 · Explosion/Fire
CSB BP Texas City 2005 异构化装置放空罐/放空烟囱直排大气导致 15 死爆炸
Root cause: 放空系统过时且不安全——放空烟囱未连接至安全火炬系统；BP 2002 年曾考虑连接但放弃；PHAs 未充分识别该风险
Official source ↗
机械疲劳RPN 72 · Critical
Failure Mechanism
机械疲劳 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 70% ；Re-inspect ≤every24months
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • 磁粉/超声波检测
  • 应力分析复核
  • Periodic nondestructive testing
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (6)
  • API 521
  • API 537
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • GB/T 50160
  • API RP 571
Lessons Learned (2)
CSB-BPHUSKY-TOLEDO-2022CSB2022Fatalities 2 · Fire/Explosion
CSB BP-Husky Toledo 炼厂 2022 石脑油溢流至燃料气系统闪火（2 死，2024 终报）
Root cause: PHA 虽识别溢流风险但 SIS/紧急泄压阀等独立保护层未能阻止液体溢流进入燃料气系统；异常工况管理(报警洪泛 3712 条/12h)失效；未有效运用停工程序
Official source ↗
CSB-BPTEXASCITY-2005CSB2005Fatalities 15 · Injuries 180 · Explosion/Fire
CSB BP Texas City 2005 异构化装置放空罐/放空烟囱直排大气导致 15 死爆炸
Root cause: 放空系统过时且不安全——放空烟囱未连接至安全火炬系统；BP 2002 年曾考虑连接但放弃；PHAs 未充分识别该风险
Official source ↗
高温氧化RPN 54 · High
Failure Mechanism
高温氧化 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Interval by RBI
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • Periodic inspection
  • 状态监测
  • 性能评估
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (6)
  • API 521
  • API 537
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • GB/T 50160
  • API RP 571
Lessons Learned (2)
CSB-BPHUSKY-TOLEDO-2022CSB2022Fatalities 2 · Fire/Explosion
CSB BP-Husky Toledo 炼厂 2022 石脑油溢流至燃料气系统闪火（2 死，2024 终报）
Root cause: PHA 虽识别溢流风险但 SIS/紧急泄压阀等独立保护层未能阻止液体溢流进入燃料气系统；异常工况管理(报警洪泛 3712 条/12h)失效；未有效运用停工程序
Official source ↗
CSB-BPTEXASCITY-2005CSB2005Fatalities 15 · Injuries 180 · Explosion/Fire
CSB BP Texas City 2005 异构化装置放空罐/放空烟囱直排大气导致 15 死爆炸
Root cause: 放空系统过时且不安全——放空烟囱未连接至安全火炬系统；BP 2002 年曾考虑连接但放弃；PHAs 未充分识别该风险
Official source ↗
安全仪表拒动RPN 54 · High
Failure Mechanism
安全仪表拒动 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Interval by RBI
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • Periodic inspection
  • 状态监测
  • 性能评估
RCM Strategy
PMScheduled (Proactive) Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (6)
  • API 521
  • API 537
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • GB/T 50160
  • API RP 571
Lessons Learned (2)
CSB-BPHUSKY-TOLEDO-2022CSB2022Fatalities 2 · Fire/Explosion
CSB BP-Husky Toledo 炼厂 2022 石脑油溢流至燃料气系统闪火（2 死，2024 终报）
Root cause: PHA 虽识别溢流风险但 SIS/紧急泄压阀等独立保护层未能阻止液体溢流进入燃料气系统；异常工况管理(报警洪泛 3712 条/12h)失效；未有效运用停工程序
Official source ↗
CSB-BPTEXASCITY-2005CSB2005Fatalities 15 · Injuries 180 · Explosion/Fire
CSB BP Texas City 2005 异构化装置放空罐/放空烟囱直排大气导致 15 死爆炸
Root cause: 放空系统过时且不安全——放空烟囱未连接至安全火炬系统；BP 2002 年曾考虑连接但放弃；PHAs 未充分识别该风险
Official source ↗
蠕变与应力破裂RPN 54 · High
Failure Mechanism
蠕变与应力破裂 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Interval by RBI
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • Periodic inspection
  • 状态监测
  • 性能评估
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (6)
  • API 521
  • API 537
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • GB/T 50160
  • API RP 571
Lessons Learned (2)
CSB-BPHUSKY-TOLEDO-2022CSB2022Fatalities 2 · Fire/Explosion
CSB BP-Husky Toledo 炼厂 2022 石脑油溢流至燃料气系统闪火（2 死，2024 终报）
Root cause: PHA 虽识别溢流风险但 SIS/紧急泄压阀等独立保护层未能阻止液体溢流进入燃料气系统；异常工况管理(报警洪泛 3712 条/12h)失效；未有效运用停工程序
Official source ↗
CSB-BPTEXASCITY-2005CSB2005Fatalities 15 · Injuries 180 · Explosion/Fire
CSB BP Texas City 2005 异构化装置放空罐/放空烟囱直排大气导致 15 死爆炸
Root cause: 放空系统过时且不安全——放空烟囱未连接至安全火炬系统；BP 2002 年曾考虑连接但放弃；PHAs 未充分识别该风险
Official source ↗
酸性水腐蚀RPN 54 · High
Failure Mechanism
酸性水腐蚀 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Interval by RBI
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • Periodic inspection
  • 状态监测
  • 性能评估
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (6)
  • API 521
  • API 537
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • GB/T 50160
  • API RP 571
Lessons Learned (2)
CSB-BPHUSKY-TOLEDO-2022CSB2022Fatalities 2 · Fire/Explosion
CSB BP-Husky Toledo 炼厂 2022 石脑油溢流至燃料气系统闪火（2 死，2024 终报）
Root cause: PHA 虽识别溢流风险但 SIS/紧急泄压阀等独立保护层未能阻止液体溢流进入燃料气系统；异常工况管理(报警洪泛 3712 条/12h)失效；未有效运用停工程序
Official source ↗
CSB-BPTEXASCITY-2005CSB2005Fatalities 15 · Injuries 180 · Explosion/Fire
CSB BP Texas City 2005 异构化装置放空罐/放空烟囱直排大气导致 15 死爆炸
Root cause: 放空系统过时且不安全——放空烟囱未连接至安全火炬系统；BP 2002 年曾考虑连接但放弃；PHAs 未充分识别该风险
Official source ↗
硫化腐蚀RPN 54 · High
Failure Mechanism
硫化腐蚀 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Interval by RBI
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • 壁厚测量(UT)
  • 目视/内窥镜检查
  • 腐蚀速率监测
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (6)
  • API 521
  • API 537
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • GB/T 50160
  • API RP 571
Lessons Learned (2)
CSB-BPHUSKY-TOLEDO-2022CSB2022Fatalities 2 · Fire/Explosion
CSB BP-Husky Toledo 炼厂 2022 石脑油溢流至燃料气系统闪火（2 死，2024 终报）
Root cause: PHA 虽识别溢流风险但 SIS/紧急泄压阀等独立保护层未能阻止液体溢流进入燃料气系统；异常工况管理(报警洪泛 3712 条/12h)失效；未有效运用停工程序
Official source ↗
CSB-BPTEXASCITY-2005CSB2005Fatalities 15 · Injuries 180 · Explosion/Fire
CSB BP Texas City 2005 异构化装置放空罐/放空烟囱直排大气导致 15 死爆炸
Root cause: 放空系统过时且不安全——放空烟囱未连接至安全火炬系统；BP 2002 年曾考虑连接但放弃；PHAs 未充分识别该风险
Official source ↗
冲蚀/冲刷腐蚀RPN 54 · High
Failure Mechanism
冲蚀/冲刷腐蚀 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Interval by RBI
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • 壁厚测量(UT)
  • 目视/内窥镜检查
  • 腐蚀速率监测
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (6)
  • API 521
  • API 537
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • GB/T 50160
  • API RP 571
Lessons Learned (2)
CSB-BPHUSKY-TOLEDO-2022CSB2022Fatalities 2 · Fire/Explosion
CSB BP-Husky Toledo 炼厂 2022 石脑油溢流至燃料气系统闪火（2 死，2024 终报）
Root cause: PHA 虽识别溢流风险但 SIS/紧急泄压阀等独立保护层未能阻止液体溢流进入燃料气系统；异常工况管理(报警洪泛 3712 条/12h)失效；未有效运用停工程序
Official source ↗
CSB-BPTEXASCITY-2005CSB2005Fatalities 15 · Injuries 180 · Explosion/Fire
CSB BP Texas City 2005 异构化装置放空罐/放空烟囱直排大气导致 15 死爆炸
Root cause: 放空系统过时且不安全——放空烟囱未连接至安全火炬系统；BP 2002 年曾考虑连接但放弃；PHAs 未充分识别该风险
Official source ↗
硫氢化铵腐蚀RPN 54 · High
Failure Mechanism
硫氢化铵腐蚀 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Interval by RBI
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • 壁厚测量(UT)
  • 目视/内窥镜检查
  • 腐蚀速率监测
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (6)
  • API 521
  • API 537
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • GB/T 50160
  • API RP 571
Lessons Learned (2)
CSB-BPHUSKY-TOLEDO-2022CSB2022Fatalities 2 · Fire/Explosion
CSB BP-Husky Toledo 炼厂 2022 石脑油溢流至燃料气系统闪火（2 死，2024 终报）
Root cause: PHA 虽识别溢流风险但 SIS/紧急泄压阀等独立保护层未能阻止液体溢流进入燃料气系统；异常工况管理(报警洪泛 3712 条/12h)失效；未有效运用停工程序
Official source ↗
CSB-BPTEXASCITY-2005CSB2005Fatalities 15 · Injuries 180 · Explosion/Fire
CSB BP Texas City 2005 异构化装置放空罐/放空烟囱直排大气导致 15 死爆炸
Root cause: 放空系统过时且不安全——放空烟囱未连接至安全火炬系统；BP 2002 年曾考虑连接但放弃；PHAs 未充分识别该风险
Official source ↗
均匀/局部减薄（通用减薄）RPN 54 · High
Failure Mechanism
均匀/局部减薄（通用减薄） 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Interval by RBI
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • 壁厚测量(UT)
  • 目视/内窥镜检查
  • 腐蚀速率监测
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (6)
  • API 521
  • API 537
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • GB/T 50160
  • API RP 571
Lessons Learned (2)
CSB-BPHUSKY-TOLEDO-2022CSB2022Fatalities 2 · Fire/Explosion
CSB BP-Husky Toledo 炼厂 2022 石脑油溢流至燃料气系统闪火（2 死，2024 终报）
Root cause: PHA 虽识别溢流风险但 SIS/紧急泄压阀等独立保护层未能阻止液体溢流进入燃料气系统；异常工况管理(报警洪泛 3712 条/12h)失效；未有效运用停工程序
Official source ↗
CSB-BPTEXASCITY-2005CSB2005Fatalities 15 · Injuries 180 · Explosion/Fire
CSB BP Texas City 2005 异构化装置放空罐/放空烟囱直排大气导致 15 死爆炸
Root cause: 放空系统过时且不安全——放空烟囱未连接至安全火炬系统；BP 2002 年曾考虑连接但放弃；PHAs 未充分识别该风险
Official source ↗
大气腐蚀RPN 54 · High
Failure Mechanism
大气腐蚀 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Interval by RBI
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • 壁厚测量(UT)
  • 目视/内窥镜检查
  • 腐蚀速率监测
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (6)
  • API 521
  • API 537
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • GB/T 50160
  • API RP 571
Lessons Learned (2)
CSB-BPHUSKY-TOLEDO-2022CSB2022Fatalities 2 · Fire/Explosion
CSB BP-Husky Toledo 炼厂 2022 石脑油溢流至燃料气系统闪火（2 死，2024 终报）
Root cause: PHA 虽识别溢流风险但 SIS/紧急泄压阀等独立保护层未能阻止液体溢流进入燃料气系统；异常工况管理(报警洪泛 3712 条/12h)失效；未有效运用停工程序
Official source ↗
CSB-BPTEXASCITY-2005CSB2005Fatalities 15 · Injuries 180 · Explosion/Fire
CSB BP Texas City 2005 异构化装置放空罐/放空烟囱直排大气导致 15 死爆炸
Root cause: 放空系统过时且不安全——放空烟囱未连接至安全火炬系统；BP 2002 年曾考虑连接但放弃；PHAs 未充分识别该风险
Official source ↗
球化（软化）RPN 54 · High
Failure Mechanism
球化（软化） 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Interval by RBI
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • Periodic inspection
  • 状态监测
  • 性能评估
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (6)
  • API 521
  • API 537
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • GB/T 50160
  • API RP 571
Lessons Learned (2)
CSB-BPHUSKY-TOLEDO-2022CSB2022Fatalities 2 · Fire/Explosion
CSB BP-Husky Toledo 炼厂 2022 石脑油溢流至燃料气系统闪火（2 死，2024 终报）
Root cause: PHA 虽识别溢流风险但 SIS/紧急泄压阀等独立保护层未能阻止液体溢流进入燃料气系统；异常工况管理(报警洪泛 3712 条/12h)失效；未有效运用停工程序
Official source ↗
CSB-BPTEXASCITY-2005CSB2005Fatalities 15 · Injuries 180 · Explosion/Fire
CSB BP Texas City 2005 异构化装置放空罐/放空烟囱直排大气导致 15 死爆炸
Root cause: 放空系统过时且不安全——放空烟囱未连接至安全火炬系统；BP 2002 年曾考虑连接但放弃；PHAs 未充分识别该风险
Official source ↗
结垢/堵塞RPN 45 · Medium
Failure Mechanism
结垢/堵塞 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 60% ；Interval by RBI
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • 监测压差/流量
  • 定期清洗/化学清洗
  • 检查堵塞物
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (6)
  • API 521
  • API 537
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • GB/T 50160
  • API RP 571
Lessons Learned (2)
CSB-BPHUSKY-TOLEDO-2022CSB2022Fatalities 2 · Fire/Explosion
CSB BP-Husky Toledo 炼厂 2022 石脑油溢流至燃料气系统闪火（2 死，2024 终报）
Root cause: PHA 虽识别溢流风险但 SIS/紧急泄压阀等独立保护层未能阻止液体溢流进入燃料气系统；异常工况管理(报警洪泛 3712 条/12h)失效；未有效运用停工程序
Official source ↗
CSB-BPTEXASCITY-2005CSB2005Fatalities 15 · Injuries 180 · Explosion/Fire
CSB BP Texas City 2005 异构化装置放空罐/放空烟囱直排大气导致 15 死爆炸
Root cause: 放空系统过时且不安全——放空烟囱未连接至安全火炬系统；BP 2002 年曾考虑连接但放弃；PHAs 未充分识别该风险
Official source ↗