Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (9)
API 617
API 618
API 670
API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
GB/T 28821
API RP 571
ISO 10816
API 684
Lessons Learned (3)
ARR-2023-01-KMScsb2023Safety/Environmental Kinder Morgan Snyder CO2 Compressor Station Closed-drain System Vessel Overpressure Rupture (CSB ARR compilation) Root cause: Wash-tower level dump valve stuck open (common in winter) + Joule-Thomson cooling froze/ hydrated off the relief path + closed-drain vessel design and overpressure protection inadequate + lack of pressure/temperature/level instrumentation; PHA did not identify the ice-plug scenario. Official source ↗
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (9)
API 617
API 618
API 670
API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
GB/T 28821
API RP 571
ISO 10816
API 684
Lessons Learned (3)
ARR-2023-01-KMScsb2023Safety/Environmental Kinder Morgan Snyder CO2 Compressor Station Closed-drain System Vessel Overpressure Rupture (CSB ARR compilation) Root cause: Wash-tower level dump valve stuck open (common in winter) + Joule-Thomson cooling froze/ hydrated off the relief path + closed-drain vessel design and overpressure protection inadequate + lack of pressure/temperature/level instrumentation; PHA did not identify the ice-plug scenario. Official source ↗
CSB-ENTERPRISE-PASCAGOULA-2019CSB2019Explosion/Fire Enterprise Pascagoula 气体处理厂爆炸火灾 Root cause: 换热器等静设备完整性不足导致烃泄漏爆炸 Official source ↗
轴承失效（磨损/剥落）RPN 54 · High
Failure Mechanism
轴承失效（磨损/剥落） 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Interval by RBI
Mitigation (What to Do)
Periodic inspection
状态监测
性能评估
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (9)
API 617
API 618
API 670
API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
GB/T 28821
API RP 571
ISO 10816
API 684
Lessons Learned (3)
ARR-2023-01-KMScsb2023Safety/Environmental Kinder Morgan Snyder CO2 Compressor Station Closed-drain System Vessel Overpressure Rupture (CSB ARR compilation) Root cause: Wash-tower level dump valve stuck open (common in winter) + Joule-Thomson cooling froze/ hydrated off the relief path + closed-drain vessel design and overpressure protection inadequate + lack of pressure/temperature/level instrumentation; PHA did not identify the ice-plug scenario. Official source ↗
CSB-ENTERPRISE-PASCAGOULA-2019CSB2019Explosion/Fire Enterprise Pascagoula 气体处理厂爆炸火灾 Root cause: 换热器等静设备完整性不足导致烃泄漏爆炸 Official source ↗
密封失效RPN 54 · High
Failure Mechanism
密封失效 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Interval by RBI
Mitigation (What to Do)
Periodic inspection
状态监测
性能评估
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (9)
API 617
API 618
API 670
API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
GB/T 28821
API RP 571
ISO 10816
API 684
Lessons Learned (3)
ARR-2023-01-KMScsb2023Safety/Environmental Kinder Morgan Snyder CO2 Compressor Station Closed-drain System Vessel Overpressure Rupture (CSB ARR compilation) Root cause: Wash-tower level dump valve stuck open (common in winter) + Joule-Thomson cooling froze/ hydrated off the relief path + closed-drain vessel design and overpressure protection inadequate + lack of pressure/temperature/level instrumentation; PHA did not identify the ice-plug scenario. Official source ↗
CN-MEM-2014-07-08CN-MEM2014Injuries 1 · Toxic Qingdao Qichao Cold-storage Plant Refrigeration Compressor Liquid-ammonia Leak Accident (Jul 8) Root cause: Compressor components not maintained in time (gasket aging); operator error in refrigeration operation (intercooler overpressure, liquid ammonia slugs back to cylinder); non-compliant emergency response; deficient safety management and training, shutdown order not enforced. Official source ↗
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Interval by RBI
Mitigation (What to Do)
Periodic inspection
状态监测
性能评估
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (9)
API 617
API 618
API 670
API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
GB/T 28821
API RP 571
ISO 10816
API 684
Lessons Learned (3)
ARR-2023-01-KMScsb2023Safety/Environmental Kinder Morgan Snyder CO2 Compressor Station Closed-drain System Vessel Overpressure Rupture (CSB ARR compilation) Root cause: Wash-tower level dump valve stuck open (common in winter) + Joule-Thomson cooling froze/ hydrated off the relief path + closed-drain vessel design and overpressure protection inadequate + lack of pressure/temperature/level instrumentation; PHA did not identify the ice-plug scenario. Official source ↗
CSB-ENTERPRISE-PASCAGOULA-2019CSB2019Explosion/Fire Enterprise Pascagoula 气体处理厂爆炸火灾 Root cause: 换热器等静设备完整性不足导致烃泄漏爆炸 Official source ↗
润滑失效RPN 54 · High
Failure Mechanism
润滑失效 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Interval by RBI
Mitigation (What to Do)
Periodic inspection
状态监测
性能评估
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (9)
API 617
API 618
API 670
API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
GB/T 28821
API RP 571
ISO 10816
API 684
Lessons Learned (3)
ARR-2023-01-KMScsb2023Safety/Environmental Kinder Morgan Snyder CO2 Compressor Station Closed-drain System Vessel Overpressure Rupture (CSB ARR compilation) Root cause: Wash-tower level dump valve stuck open (common in winter) + Joule-Thomson cooling froze/ hydrated off the relief path + closed-drain vessel design and overpressure protection inadequate + lack of pressure/temperature/level instrumentation; PHA did not identify the ice-plug scenario. Official source ↗
CSB-ENTERPRISE-PASCAGOULA-2019CSB2019Explosion/Fire Enterprise Pascagoula 气体处理厂爆炸火灾 Root cause: 换热器等静设备完整性不足导致烃泄漏爆炸 Official source ↗
不对中RPN 54 · High
Failure Mechanism
不对中 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Interval by RBI
Mitigation (What to Do)
Periodic inspection
状态监测
性能评估
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (9)
API 617
API 618
API 670
API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
GB/T 28821
API RP 571
ISO 10816
API 684
Lessons Learned (3)
ARR-2023-01-KMScsb2023Safety/Environmental Kinder Morgan Snyder CO2 Compressor Station Closed-drain System Vessel Overpressure Rupture (CSB ARR compilation) Root cause: Wash-tower level dump valve stuck open (common in winter) + Joule-Thomson cooling froze/ hydrated off the relief path + closed-drain vessel design and overpressure protection inadequate + lack of pressure/temperature/level instrumentation; PHA did not identify the ice-plug scenario. Official source ↗
CSB-ENTERPRISE-PASCAGOULA-2019CSB2019Explosion/Fire Enterprise Pascagoula 气体处理厂爆炸火灾 Root cause: 换热器等静设备完整性不足导致烃泄漏爆炸 Official source ↗
转子不平衡RPN 54 · High
Failure Mechanism
转子不平衡 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Interval by RBI
Mitigation (What to Do)
Periodic inspection
状态监测
性能评估
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (9)
API 617
API 618
API 670
API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
GB/T 28821
API RP 571
ISO 10816
API 684
Lessons Learned (3)
ARR-2023-01-KMScsb2023Safety/Environmental Kinder Morgan Snyder CO2 Compressor Station Closed-drain System Vessel Overpressure Rupture (CSB ARR compilation) Root cause: Wash-tower level dump valve stuck open (common in winter) + Joule-Thomson cooling froze/ hydrated off the relief path + closed-drain vessel design and overpressure protection inadequate + lack of pressure/temperature/level instrumentation; PHA did not identify the ice-plug scenario. Official source ↗
CSB-ENTERPRISE-PASCAGOULA-2019CSB2019Explosion/Fire Enterprise Pascagoula 气体处理厂爆炸火灾 Root cause: 换热器等静设备完整性不足导致烃泄漏爆炸 Official source ↗
叶轮/叶片磨损RPN 54 · High
Failure Mechanism
叶轮/叶片磨损 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Interval by RBI
Mitigation (What to Do)
Periodic inspection
状态监测
性能评估
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (9)
API 617
API 618
API 670
API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
GB/T 28821
API RP 571
ISO 10816
API 684
Lessons Learned (3)
ARR-2023-01-KMScsb2023Safety/Environmental Kinder Morgan Snyder CO2 Compressor Station Closed-drain System Vessel Overpressure Rupture (CSB ARR compilation) Root cause: Wash-tower level dump valve stuck open (common in winter) + Joule-Thomson cooling froze/ hydrated off the relief path + closed-drain vessel design and overpressure protection inadequate + lack of pressure/temperature/level instrumentation; PHA did not identify the ice-plug scenario. Official source ↗
CSB-ENTERPRISE-PASCAGOULA-2019CSB2019Explosion/Fire Enterprise Pascagoula 气体处理厂爆炸火灾 Root cause: 换热器等静设备完整性不足导致烃泄漏爆炸 Official source ↗
冲蚀/冲刷腐蚀RPN 54 · High
Failure Mechanism
冲蚀/冲刷腐蚀 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Interval by RBI
Mitigation (What to Do)
壁厚测量(UT)
目视/内窥镜检查
腐蚀速率监测
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (9)
API 617
API 618
API 670
API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
GB/T 28821
API RP 571
ISO 10816
API 684
Lessons Learned (3)
ARR-2023-01-KMScsb2023Safety/Environmental Kinder Morgan Snyder CO2 Compressor Station Closed-drain System Vessel Overpressure Rupture (CSB ARR compilation) Root cause: Wash-tower level dump valve stuck open (common in winter) + Joule-Thomson cooling froze/ hydrated off the relief path + closed-drain vessel design and overpressure protection inadequate + lack of pressure/temperature/level instrumentation; PHA did not identify the ice-plug scenario. Official source ↗
CSB-ENTERPRISE-PASCAGOULA-2019CSB2019Explosion/Fire Enterprise Pascagoula 气体处理厂爆炸火灾 Root cause: 换热器等静设备完整性不足导致烃泄漏爆炸 Official source ↗
均匀/局部减薄（通用减薄）RPN 54 · High
Failure Mechanism
均匀/局部减薄（通用减薄） 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Interval by RBI
Mitigation (What to Do)
壁厚测量(UT)
目视/内窥镜检查
腐蚀速率监测
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (9)
API 617
API 618
API 670
API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
GB/T 28821
API RP 571
ISO 10816
API 684
Lessons Learned (3)
ARR-2023-01-KMScsb2023Safety/Environmental Kinder Morgan Snyder CO2 Compressor Station Closed-drain System Vessel Overpressure Rupture (CSB ARR compilation) Root cause: Wash-tower level dump valve stuck open (common in winter) + Joule-Thomson cooling froze/ hydrated off the relief path + closed-drain vessel design and overpressure protection inadequate + lack of pressure/temperature/level instrumentation; PHA did not identify the ice-plug scenario. Official source ↗
CSB-ENTERPRISE-PASCAGOULA-2019CSB2019Explosion/Fire Enterprise Pascagoula 气体处理厂爆炸火灾 Root cause: 换热器等静设备完整性不足导致烃泄漏爆炸 Official source ↗
联轴器失效RPN 54 · High
Failure Mechanism
联轴器失效 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Interval by RBI
Mitigation (What to Do)
Periodic inspection
状态监测
性能评估
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (9)
API 617
API 618
API 670
API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
GB/T 28821
API RP 571
ISO 10816
API 684
Lessons Learned (3)
ARR-2023-01-KMScsb2023Safety/Environmental Kinder Morgan Snyder CO2 Compressor Station Closed-drain System Vessel Overpressure Rupture (CSB ARR compilation) Root cause: Wash-tower level dump valve stuck open (common in winter) + Joule-Thomson cooling froze/ hydrated off the relief path + closed-drain vessel design and overpressure protection inadequate + lack of pressure/temperature/level instrumentation; PHA did not identify the ice-plug scenario. Official source ↗
CSB-ENTERPRISE-PASCAGOULA-2019CSB2019Explosion/Fire Enterprise Pascagoula 气体处理厂爆炸火灾 Root cause: 换热器等静设备完整性不足导致烃泄漏爆炸 Official source ↗
大气腐蚀RPN 54 · High
Failure Mechanism
大气腐蚀 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Interval by RBI
Mitigation (What to Do)
壁厚测量(UT)
目视/内窥镜检查
腐蚀速率监测
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (9)
API 617
API 618
API 670
API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
GB/T 28821
API RP 571
ISO 10816
API 684
Lessons Learned (3)
ARR-2023-01-KMScsb2023Safety/Environmental Kinder Morgan Snyder CO2 Compressor Station Closed-drain System Vessel Overpressure Rupture (CSB ARR compilation) Root cause: Wash-tower level dump valve stuck open (common in winter) + Joule-Thomson cooling froze/ hydrated off the relief path + closed-drain vessel design and overpressure protection inadequate + lack of pressure/temperature/level instrumentation; PHA did not identify the ice-plug scenario. Official source ↗
CSB-ENTERPRISE-PASCAGOULA-2019CSB2019Explosion/Fire Enterprise Pascagoula 气体处理厂爆炸火灾 Root cause: 换热器等静设备完整性不足导致烃泄漏爆炸 Official source ↗
电偶腐蚀RPN 54 · High
Failure Mechanism
电偶腐蚀 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Interval by RBI
Mitigation (What to Do)
壁厚测量(UT)
目视/内窥镜检查
腐蚀速率监测
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (9)
API 617
API 618
API 670
API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
GB/T 28821
API RP 571
ISO 10816
API 684
Lessons Learned (3)
ARR-2023-01-KMScsb2023Safety/Environmental Kinder Morgan Snyder CO2 Compressor Station Closed-drain System Vessel Overpressure Rupture (CSB ARR compilation) Root cause: Wash-tower level dump valve stuck open (common in winter) + Joule-Thomson cooling froze/ hydrated off the relief path + closed-drain vessel design and overpressure protection inadequate + lack of pressure/temperature/level instrumentation; PHA did not identify the ice-plug scenario. Official source ↗
CSB-ENTERPRISE-PASCAGOULA-2019CSB2019Explosion/Fire Enterprise Pascagoula 气体处理厂爆炸火灾 Root cause: 换热器等静设备完整性不足导致烃泄漏爆炸 Official source ↗
结垢/堵塞RPN 45 · Medium
Failure Mechanism
结垢/堵塞 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 60% ；Interval by RBI
Mitigation (What to Do)
监测压差/流量
定期清洗/化学清洗
检查堵塞物
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (9)
API 617
API 618
API 670
API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
GB/T 28821
API RP 571
ISO 10816
API 684
Lessons Learned (3)
ARR-2023-01-KMScsb2023Safety/Environmental Kinder Morgan Snyder CO2 Compressor Station Closed-drain System Vessel Overpressure Rupture (CSB ARR compilation) Root cause: Wash-tower level dump valve stuck open (common in winter) + Joule-Thomson cooling froze/ hydrated off the relief path + closed-drain vessel design and overpressure protection inadequate + lack of pressure/temperature/level instrumentation; PHA did not identify the ice-plug scenario. Official source ↗