Tap any failure mode → flip to its on-site guidance (pure-CSS, no JS needed on mobile)
Quench Towerquench_tower
⚠ ⚠ Top risk: Mechanical Seal Leak · RPN 112 (High) — watch this one first at the equipment
Risk Board (all 11 · by RPN · top 6 highlighted urgent)
Shield: Safety = people/environment　Production = production only
Technical mechanism/mitigation body in Chinese (red line: no fabricated MT; EN UI labels translated)
11Failure Modes
9High/Critical
20Standards
1Real Accidents
Tap any failure mode to flip to its on-site guidance
Device-level standard/accident index (20 standards / 1 accidents)
Standards (20 de-duplicated)
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • GB/T 7826-2012
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • SAE JA1011_202411 — Evaluation Criteria for Reliability-Centered Maintenance Processes
  • GB/T 27921-2011
  • GB/T 44958-2024
  • GB/T 4888-2008
  • GB/T 29639-2020
  • AQ/T 3034-2022
  • API 581 — Risk-Based Inspection Methodology
  • API 510 — Pressure Vessel Inspection Code
  • API 571 — Damage Mechanisms Affecting Fixed Equipment in the Refining Industry
  • API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 — Fitness-For-Service
  • API 754 — Process Safety Performance Indicators
  • API 576 — Inspection of Pressure-Relieving Devices
  • API 689 — Collection and Exchange of Reliability and Maintenance Data
  • API 755 — Human Factors
  • ISO 20815:2018 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Production assurance and reliability
  • IEC 61511:2016 — Functional safety — Safety instrumented systems for the process industry sector
  • ISO 31000:2018 — Risk management — Guidelines
Accident Lessons (1 de-duplicated)
NEWS-2012-12-AXIALNEWS2012 ↗
Axiall Westlake PHH Unit Quench Tower Area Piping Rupture, Leak and Fire (Dec 2012)
FM Traceability Cards (11)
Generated by Reliability AI
Mechanical Seal LeakRPN 112 · High
Failure Mechanism
密封面磨损或划伤；安装不当导致偏磨；密封冲洗系统故障
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Re-inspect ≤every12months
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • 每日目视检查泄漏滴漏
  • 连续监测密封冲洗液压力
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (20)
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • GB/T 7826-2012
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • SAE JA1011_202411 — Evaluation Criteria for Reliability-Centered Maintenance Processes
  • GB/T 27921-2011
  • GB/T 44958-2024
  • GB/T 4888-2008
  • GB/T 29639-2020
  • AQ/T 3034-2022
  • API 581 — Risk-Based Inspection Methodology
  • API 510 — Pressure Vessel Inspection Code
  • API 571 — Damage Mechanisms Affecting Fixed Equipment in the Refining Industry
  • API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 — Fitness-For-Service
  • API 754 — Process Safety Performance Indicators
  • API 576 — Inspection of Pressure-Relieving Devices
  • API 689 — Collection and Exchange of Reliability and Maintenance Data
  • API 755 — Human Factors
  • ISO 20815:2018 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Production assurance and reliability
  • IEC 61511:2016 — Functional safety — Safety instrumented systems for the process industry sector
  • ISO 31000:2018 — Risk management — Guidelines
Lessons Learned (1)
NEWS-2012-12-AXIALNEWS2012Injuries 1 · Fire
Axiall Westlake PHH Unit Quench Tower Area Piping Rupture, Leak and Fire (Dec 2012)
Root cause: Multiple piping modifications with incomplete MOC; accelerated corrosion rate not recognized; inspection requirements not updated; engineered clamp repair applicability not evaluated.
Official source ↗
Acid Dew-point CorrosionRPN 108 · Critical
Failure Mechanism
High fuel sulfur, high SO3 in flue gas; poor stack insulation causing local temperature below acid dew point; frequent operating temperature swings
How to Detect
Inspection/offline · Detection rate 55% ；Re-inspect ≤every24months
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • Monitor column-wall temperature weekly, keep above acid dew point
  • Quarterly UT thickness to check wall thinning
  • Replace corrosion coupon every half-year and analyze corrosion rate
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (20)
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • GB/T 7826-2012
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • SAE JA1011_202411 — Evaluation Criteria for Reliability-Centered Maintenance Processes
  • GB/T 27921-2011
  • GB/T 44958-2024
  • GB/T 4888-2008
  • GB/T 29639-2020
  • AQ/T 3034-2022
  • API 581 — Risk-Based Inspection Methodology
  • API 510 — Pressure Vessel Inspection Code
  • API 571 — Damage Mechanisms Affecting Fixed Equipment in the Refining Industry
  • API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 — Fitness-For-Service
  • API 754 — Process Safety Performance Indicators
  • API 576 — Inspection of Pressure-Relieving Devices
  • API 689 — Collection and Exchange of Reliability and Maintenance Data
  • API 755 — Human Factors
  • ISO 20815:2018 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Production assurance and reliability
  • IEC 61511:2016 — Functional safety — Safety instrumented systems for the process industry sector
  • ISO 31000:2018 — Risk management — Guidelines
Lessons Learned (1)
NEWS-2012-12-AXIALNEWS2012Injuries 1 · Fire
Axiall Westlake PHH Unit Quench Tower Area Piping Rupture, Leak and Fire (Dec 2012)
Root cause: Multiple piping modifications with incomplete MOC; accelerated corrosion rate not recognized; inspection requirements not updated; engineered clamp repair applicability not evaluated.
Official source ↗
Fouling -> Heat-transfer LossRPN 108 · High
Failure Mechanism
循环水水质硬度高；流速过低促进沉积；缺乏定期化学清洗
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Re-inspect ≤every24months
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • 每6个月化学清洗换热器
  • 每周记录进出口温差和压降
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (20)
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • GB/T 7826-2012
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • SAE JA1011_202411 — Evaluation Criteria for Reliability-Centered Maintenance Processes
  • GB/T 27921-2011
  • GB/T 44958-2024
  • GB/T 4888-2008
  • GB/T 29639-2020
  • AQ/T 3034-2022
  • API 581 — Risk-Based Inspection Methodology
  • API 510 — Pressure Vessel Inspection Code
  • API 571 — Damage Mechanisms Affecting Fixed Equipment in the Refining Industry
  • API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 — Fitness-For-Service
  • API 754 — Process Safety Performance Indicators
  • API 576 — Inspection of Pressure-Relieving Devices
  • API 689 — Collection and Exchange of Reliability and Maintenance Data
  • API 755 — Human Factors
  • ISO 20815:2018 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Production assurance and reliability
  • IEC 61511:2016 — Functional safety — Safety instrumented systems for the process industry sector
  • ISO 31000:2018 — Risk management — Guidelines
Lessons Learned (1)
NEWS-2012-12-AXIALNEWS2012Injuries 1 · Fire
Axiall Westlake PHH Unit Quench Tower Area Piping Rupture, Leak and Fire (Dec 2012)
Root cause: Multiple piping modifications with incomplete MOC; accelerated corrosion rate not recognized; inspection requirements not updated; engineered clamp repair applicability not evaluated.
Official source ↗
Tube Bundle Corrosion LeakRPN 108 · Critical
Failure Mechanism
Medium contains chloride or acidic species; excessive velocity causes erosion; improper material selection
How to Detect
Inspection/offline · Detection rate 55% ；Re-inspect ≤every24months
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • Quarterly UT thickness of tube-bundle wall
  • Annual pressure test or helium leak test
RCM Strategy
RTFDesign Modification / Inspection Task
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (20)
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • GB/T 7826-2012
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • SAE JA1011_202411 — Evaluation Criteria for Reliability-Centered Maintenance Processes
  • GB/T 27921-2011
  • GB/T 44958-2024
  • GB/T 4888-2008
  • GB/T 29639-2020
  • AQ/T 3034-2022
  • API 581 — Risk-Based Inspection Methodology
  • API 510 — Pressure Vessel Inspection Code
  • API 571 — Damage Mechanisms Affecting Fixed Equipment in the Refining Industry
  • API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 — Fitness-For-Service
  • API 754 — Process Safety Performance Indicators
  • API 576 — Inspection of Pressure-Relieving Devices
  • API 689 — Collection and Exchange of Reliability and Maintenance Data
  • API 755 — Human Factors
  • ISO 20815:2018 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Production assurance and reliability
  • IEC 61511:2016 — Functional safety — Safety instrumented systems for the process industry sector
  • ISO 31000:2018 — Risk management — Guidelines
Lessons Learned (1)
NEWS-2012-12-AXIALNEWS2012Injuries 1 · Fire
Axiall Westlake PHH Unit Quench Tower Area Piping Rupture, Leak and Fire (Dec 2012)
Root cause: Multiple piping modifications with incomplete MOC; accelerated corrosion rate not recognized; inspection requirements not updated; engineered clamp repair applicability not evaluated.
Official source ↗
Level Gauge Blockage -> Overflow / CavitationRPN 105 · High
Failure Mechanism
Solid particles or polymer in medium; long period without cleaning; dead-leg in design
How to Detect
Inspection/offline · Detection rate 55% ；Re-inspect ≤every24months
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • Monthly flush impulse line
  • Compare level-gauge with local glass-plate reading weekly
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (20)
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • GB/T 7826-2012
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • SAE JA1011_202411 — Evaluation Criteria for Reliability-Centered Maintenance Processes
  • GB/T 27921-2011
  • GB/T 44958-2024
  • GB/T 4888-2008
  • GB/T 29639-2020
  • AQ/T 3034-2022
  • API 581 — Risk-Based Inspection Methodology
  • API 510 — Pressure Vessel Inspection Code
  • API 571 — Damage Mechanisms Affecting Fixed Equipment in the Refining Industry
  • API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 — Fitness-For-Service
  • API 754 — Process Safety Performance Indicators
  • API 576 — Inspection of Pressure-Relieving Devices
  • API 689 — Collection and Exchange of Reliability and Maintenance Data
  • API 755 — Human Factors
  • ISO 20815:2018 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Production assurance and reliability
  • IEC 61511:2016 — Functional safety — Safety instrumented systems for the process industry sector
  • ISO 31000:2018 — Risk management — Guidelines
Lessons Learned (1)
NEWS-2012-12-AXIALNEWS2012Injuries 1 · Fire
Axiall Westlake PHH Unit Quench Tower Area Piping Rupture, Leak and Fire (Dec 2012)
Root cause: Multiple piping modifications with incomplete MOC; accelerated corrosion rate not recognized; inspection requirements not updated; engineered clamp repair applicability not evaluated.
Official source ↗
Pump CavitationRPN 96 · Critical
Failure Mechanism
Inlet filter blockage; low level exposing suction; excessive pump-suction line resistance
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Re-inspect ≤every24months
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • Continuously monitor pump discharge and suction pressure
  • Daily auscultate pump for abnormal noise
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (20)
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • GB/T 7826-2012
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • SAE JA1011_202411 — Evaluation Criteria for Reliability-Centered Maintenance Processes
  • GB/T 27921-2011
  • GB/T 44958-2024
  • GB/T 4888-2008
  • GB/T 29639-2020
  • AQ/T 3034-2022
  • API 581 — Risk-Based Inspection Methodology
  • API 510 — Pressure Vessel Inspection Code
  • API 571 — Damage Mechanisms Affecting Fixed Equipment in the Refining Industry
  • API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 — Fitness-For-Service
  • API 754 — Process Safety Performance Indicators
  • API 576 — Inspection of Pressure-Relieving Devices
  • API 689 — Collection and Exchange of Reliability and Maintenance Data
  • API 755 — Human Factors
  • ISO 20815:2018 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Production assurance and reliability
  • IEC 61511:2016 — Functional safety — Safety instrumented systems for the process industry sector
  • ISO 31000:2018 — Risk management — Guidelines
Lessons Learned (1)
NEWS-2012-12-AXIALNEWS2012Injuries 1 · Fire
Axiall Westlake PHH Unit Quench Tower Area Piping Rupture, Leak and Fire (Dec 2012)
Root cause: Multiple piping modifications with incomplete MOC; accelerated corrosion rate not recognized; inspection requirements not updated; engineered clamp repair applicability not evaluated.
Official source ↗
Nozzle BlockageRPN 90 · High
Failure Mechanism
Insufficient circulating-liquid filtration, many impurities; salts or polymer crystallize out; nozzle flow passage too small or velocity low
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Re-inspect ≤every24months
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • Disassemble, inspect and clean nozzle every 3 months
  • Record spray pressure and flow per shift; alarm if deviation >10%
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (20)
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • GB/T 7826-2012
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • SAE JA1011_202411 — Evaluation Criteria for Reliability-Centered Maintenance Processes
  • GB/T 27921-2011
  • GB/T 44958-2024
  • GB/T 4888-2008
  • GB/T 29639-2020
  • AQ/T 3034-2022
  • API 581 — Risk-Based Inspection Methodology
  • API 510 — Pressure Vessel Inspection Code
  • API 571 — Damage Mechanisms Affecting Fixed Equipment in the Refining Industry
  • API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 — Fitness-For-Service
  • API 754 — Process Safety Performance Indicators
  • API 576 — Inspection of Pressure-Relieving Devices
  • API 689 — Collection and Exchange of Reliability and Maintenance Data
  • API 755 — Human Factors
  • ISO 20815:2018 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Production assurance and reliability
  • IEC 61511:2016 — Functional safety — Safety instrumented systems for the process industry sector
  • ISO 31000:2018 — Risk management — Guidelines
Lessons Learned (1)
NEWS-2012-12-AXIALNEWS2012Injuries 1 · Fire
Axiall Westlake PHH Unit Quench Tower Area Piping Rupture, Leak and Fire (Dec 2012)
Root cause: Multiple piping modifications with incomplete MOC; accelerated corrosion rate not recognized; inspection requirements not updated; engineered clamp repair applicability not evaluated.
Official source ↗
Refractory Lining LossRPN 84 · High
Failure Mechanism
Poor lining construction, weak bond; sharp temperature change causing thermal stress cracking; medium erosion or vibration causing mechanical damage
How to Detect
Inspection/offline · Detection rate 55% ；Re-inspect ≤every24months
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • Monthly hammer-test lining delamination area
  • Quarterly IR thermography for local temperature anomalies
  • Visual inspect lining surface cracks or bulging at each unit stop
RCM Strategy
RTFDesign Modification / Inspection Task
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (20)
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • GB/T 7826-2012
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • SAE JA1011_202411 — Evaluation Criteria for Reliability-Centered Maintenance Processes
  • GB/T 27921-2011
  • GB/T 44958-2024
  • GB/T 4888-2008
  • GB/T 29639-2020
  • AQ/T 3034-2022
  • API 581 — Risk-Based Inspection Methodology
  • API 510 — Pressure Vessel Inspection Code
  • API 571 — Damage Mechanisms Affecting Fixed Equipment in the Refining Industry
  • API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 — Fitness-For-Service
  • API 754 — Process Safety Performance Indicators
  • API 576 — Inspection of Pressure-Relieving Devices
  • API 689 — Collection and Exchange of Reliability and Maintenance Data
  • API 755 — Human Factors
  • ISO 20815:2018 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Production assurance and reliability
  • IEC 61511:2016 — Functional safety — Safety instrumented systems for the process industry sector
  • ISO 31000:2018 — Risk management — Guidelines
Lessons Learned (1)
NEWS-2012-12-AXIALNEWS2012Injuries 1 · Fire
Axiall Westlake PHH Unit Quench Tower Area Piping Rupture, Leak and Fire (Dec 2012)
Root cause: Multiple piping modifications with incomplete MOC; accelerated corrosion rate not recognized; inspection requirements not updated; engineered clamp repair applicability not evaluated.
Official source ↗
Nozzle Corrosion -> Poor AtomizationRPN 75 · Medium
Failure Mechanism
循环液pH值过低或含腐蚀性离子；高速液流冲刷造成冲蚀磨损；喷嘴材质选择不当，不耐腐蚀
How to Detect
Inspection/offline · Detection rate 55% ；Re-inspect ≤every24months
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • 每6个月检查喷嘴孔径和表面状态
  • 每季度监测雾化粒径分布
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (20)
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • GB/T 7826-2012
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • SAE JA1011_202411 — Evaluation Criteria for Reliability-Centered Maintenance Processes
  • GB/T 27921-2011
  • GB/T 44958-2024
  • GB/T 4888-2008
  • GB/T 29639-2020
  • AQ/T 3034-2022
  • API 581 — Risk-Based Inspection Methodology
  • API 510 — Pressure Vessel Inspection Code
  • API 571 — Damage Mechanisms Affecting Fixed Equipment in the Refining Industry
  • API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 — Fitness-For-Service
  • API 754 — Process Safety Performance Indicators
  • API 576 — Inspection of Pressure-Relieving Devices
  • API 689 — Collection and Exchange of Reliability and Maintenance Data
  • API 755 — Human Factors
  • ISO 20815:2018 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Production assurance and reliability
  • IEC 61511:2016 — Functional safety — Safety instrumented systems for the process industry sector
  • ISO 31000:2018 — Risk management — Guidelines
Lessons Learned (1)
NEWS-2012-12-AXIALNEWS2012Injuries 1 · Fire
Axiall Westlake PHH Unit Quench Tower Area Piping Rupture, Leak and Fire (Dec 2012)
Root cause: Multiple piping modifications with incomplete MOC; accelerated corrosion rate not recognized; inspection requirements not updated; engineered clamp repair applicability not evaluated.
Official source ↗
Blowdown Valve Blockage / StickingRPN 75 · Medium
Failure Mechanism
介质含颗粒物；长期未操作导致锈蚀；阀杆填料过紧
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Re-inspect ≤every24months
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • 每月手动操作检查灵活性
  • 每季度检查阀杆行程指示
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (20)
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • GB/T 7826-2012
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • SAE JA1011_202411 — Evaluation Criteria for Reliability-Centered Maintenance Processes
  • GB/T 27921-2011
  • GB/T 44958-2024
  • GB/T 4888-2008
  • GB/T 29639-2020
  • AQ/T 3034-2022
  • API 581 — Risk-Based Inspection Methodology
  • API 510 — Pressure Vessel Inspection Code
  • API 571 — Damage Mechanisms Affecting Fixed Equipment in the Refining Industry
  • API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 — Fitness-For-Service
  • API 754 — Process Safety Performance Indicators
  • API 576 — Inspection of Pressure-Relieving Devices
  • API 689 — Collection and Exchange of Reliability and Maintenance Data
  • API 755 — Human Factors
  • ISO 20815:2018 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Production assurance and reliability
  • IEC 61511:2016 — Functional safety — Safety instrumented systems for the process industry sector
  • ISO 31000:2018 — Risk management — Guidelines
Lessons Learned (1)
NEWS-2012-12-AXIALNEWS2012Injuries 1 · Fire
Axiall Westlake PHH Unit Quench Tower Area Piping Rupture, Leak and Fire (Dec 2012)
Root cause: Multiple piping modifications with incomplete MOC; accelerated corrosion rate not recognized; inspection requirements not updated; engineered clamp repair applicability not evaluated.
Official source ↗
Packing Blockage / FoulingRPN 72 · High
Failure Mechanism
循环液过滤不足，固体含量高；液体中易结垢成分在填料表面析出；操作温度或浓度波动导致过饱和
How to Detect
Inspection/offline · Detection rate 55% ；Re-inspect ≤every24months
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • 每日监测塔压降，趋势分析
  • 每季度检查填料外观和重量
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (20)
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • GB/T 7826-2012
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • SAE JA1011_202411 — Evaluation Criteria for Reliability-Centered Maintenance Processes
  • GB/T 27921-2011
  • GB/T 44958-2024
  • GB/T 4888-2008
  • GB/T 29639-2020
  • AQ/T 3034-2022
  • API 581 — Risk-Based Inspection Methodology
  • API 510 — Pressure Vessel Inspection Code
  • API 571 — Damage Mechanisms Affecting Fixed Equipment in the Refining Industry
  • API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 — Fitness-For-Service
  • API 754 — Process Safety Performance Indicators
  • API 576 — Inspection of Pressure-Relieving Devices
  • API 689 — Collection and Exchange of Reliability and Maintenance Data
  • API 755 — Human Factors
  • ISO 20815:2018 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Production assurance and reliability
  • IEC 61511:2016 — Functional safety — Safety instrumented systems for the process industry sector
  • ISO 31000:2018 — Risk management — Guidelines
Lessons Learned (1)
NEWS-2012-12-AXIALNEWS2012Injuries 1 · Fire
Axiall Westlake PHH Unit Quench Tower Area Piping Rupture, Leak and Fire (Dec 2012)
Root cause: Multiple piping modifications with incomplete MOC; accelerated corrosion rate not recognized; inspection requirements not updated; engineered clamp repair applicability not evaluated.
Official source ↗