Tap any failure mode → flip to its on-site guidance (pure-CSS, no JS needed on mobile)
球罐/液化气球罐/丙烷球罐 (Spherical Tank)球罐/液化气球罐/丙烷球罐 (Spherical Tank)
⚠ ⚠ Top risk: 氨应力腐蚀开裂 · RPN 72 (Critical) — watch this one first at the equipment
Risk Board (all 15 · by RPN · top 6 highlighted urgent)
Shield: Safety = people/environment　Production = production only
Technical mechanism/mitigation body in Chinese (red line: no fabricated MT; EN UI labels translated)
15Failure Modes
14High/Critical
9Standards
7Real Accidents
Tap any failure mode to flip to its on-site guidance
Device-level standard/accident index (9 standards / 7 accidents)
Standards (9 de-duplicated)
  • API 510 — Pressure Vessel Inspection Code
  • API 579-1/ASME FFFS
  • API 653 — Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction
  • API 570 — Piping Inspection Code
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • GB/T 12337
  • GB/T 150
  • API RP 571
Accident Lessons (7 de-duplicated)
2005-04-I-TXcsb2005 ↗
BP Texas City Refinery Explosion and Fire
2010-04-I-ILcsb2009 ↗
NDK Crystal 高压晶体容器应力腐蚀开裂破裂（场外致死）
2013-03-I-TXcsb2013 ↗
West Fertilizer Ammonium Nitrate Explosion
CN-MEM-2010-07-16CN-MEM2010 ↗
大连中石油'7·16'原油库输油管道爆炸火灾事故（2010，1 失踪/1 消防牺牲）
CN-MEM-2015-08-12CN-MEM2015 ↗
天津港'8·12'瑞海公司危险品仓库特别重大火灾爆炸事故（2015，165 死）
CN-MEM-2019-03-21CN-MEM2019 ↗
江苏响水天嘉宜'3·21'特别重大爆炸事故（2019，78 死）
CSB-FREEDOM-2017CSB2017 ↗
Freedom Industries 化学品释放
FM Traceability Cards (15)
Generated by Reliability AI
氨应力腐蚀开裂RPN 72 · Critical
Failure Mechanism
氨应力腐蚀开裂 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Re-inspect ≤every24months
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • Periodic inspection
  • 状态监测
  • 性能评估
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (9)
  • API 510 — Pressure Vessel Inspection Code
  • API 579-1/ASME FFFS
  • API 653 — Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction
  • API 570 — Piping Inspection Code
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • GB/T 12337
  • GB/T 150
  • API RP 571
Lessons Learned (3)
2005-04-I-TXcsb2005Fatalities 15 · Injuries 180 · Safety/Environmental
BP Texas City Refinery Explosion and Fire
Root cause: Level gauge failure + inadequate overflow protection + missing management-of-change.
Official source ↗
2010-04-I-ILcsb2009Fatalities 1 · Safety
NDK Crystal 高压晶体容器应力腐蚀开裂破裂（场外致死）
Root cause: 高压晶体生产容器内壁应力腐蚀开裂未被检测（碱性介质+高应力），灾难性破裂；100 磅钢梁飞出 650 英尺击毙场外卡车司机
Official source ↗
2013-03-I-TXcsb2013Fatalities 15 · Injuries 200 · Safety/Environmental
West Fertilizer Ammonium Nitrate Explosion
Root cause: Inadequate fire separation distance for warehouse + missing fire protection + large ammonium nitrate storage.
Official source ↗
湿硫化氢损伤RPN 72 · Critical
Failure Mechanism
湿硫化氢损伤 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Re-inspect ≤every24months
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • 壁厚测量(UT)
  • 目视/内窥镜检查
  • 腐蚀速率监测
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (9)
  • API 510 — Pressure Vessel Inspection Code
  • API 579-1/ASME FFFS
  • API 653 — Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction
  • API 570 — Piping Inspection Code
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • GB/T 12337
  • GB/T 150
  • API RP 571
Lessons Learned (3)
CN-MEM-2010-07-16CN-MEM2010Fatalities 1 · Injuries 1 · Fire/Explosion
大连中石油'7·16'原油库输油管道爆炸火灾事故（2010，1 失踪/1 消防牺牲）
Root cause: 违规在输油管道加注脱硫剂；油轮停卸后仍继续加注致局部富集强氧化；承包商管理缺失；安全审核制度未执行
Official source ↗
CN-MEM-2015-08-12CN-MEM2015Fatalities 165 · Injuries 798 · Fire/Explosion
天津港'8·12'瑞海公司危险品仓库特别重大火灾爆炸事故（2015，165 死）
Root cause: 未批先建、无证违法经营；违规超量储存硝酸铵；违规混存超高堆码；野蛮装卸；未登记重大危险源；培训缺失；应急预案缺失
Official source ↗
CN-MEM-2019-03-21CN-MEM2019Fatalities 78 · Injuries 76 · Explosion
江苏响水天嘉宜'3·21'特别重大爆炸事故（2019，78 死）
Root cause: 长期违法贮存危险废物（硝化废料）；安全环保管理混乱；复产把关流于形式；环评/安评中介出具虚假报告
Official source ↗
高温硫化氢/氢腐蚀RPN 72 · Critical
Failure Mechanism
高温硫化氢/氢腐蚀 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Re-inspect ≤every24months
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • 壁厚测量(UT)
  • 目视/内窥镜检查
  • 腐蚀速率监测
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (9)
  • API 510 — Pressure Vessel Inspection Code
  • API 579-1/ASME FFFS
  • API 653 — Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction
  • API 570 — Piping Inspection Code
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • GB/T 12337
  • GB/T 150
  • API RP 571
Lessons Learned (3)
2005-04-I-TXcsb2005Fatalities 15 · Injuries 180 · Safety/Environmental
BP Texas City Refinery Explosion and Fire
Root cause: Level gauge failure + inadequate overflow protection + missing management-of-change.
Official source ↗
2013-03-I-TXcsb2013Fatalities 15 · Injuries 200 · Safety/Environmental
West Fertilizer Ammonium Nitrate Explosion
Root cause: Inadequate fire separation distance for warehouse + missing fire protection + large ammonium nitrate storage.
Official source ↗
CSB-FREEDOM-2017CSB2017Environmental/Toxic
Freedom Industries 化学品释放
Root cause: 老旧储罐腐蚀泄漏，围堰/二次 containment 不足
Official source ↗
腐蚀疲劳RPN 72 · Critical
Failure Mechanism
腐蚀疲劳 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 70% ；Re-inspect ≤every24months
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • 磁粉/超声波检测
  • 应力分析复核
  • Periodic nondestructive testing
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (9)
  • API 510 — Pressure Vessel Inspection Code
  • API 579-1/ASME FFFS
  • API 653 — Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction
  • API 570 — Piping Inspection Code
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • GB/T 12337
  • GB/T 150
  • API RP 571
Lessons Learned (3)
2005-04-I-TXcsb2005Fatalities 15 · Injuries 180 · Safety/Environmental
BP Texas City Refinery Explosion and Fire
Root cause: Level gauge failure + inadequate overflow protection + missing management-of-change.
Official source ↗
2013-03-I-TXcsb2013Fatalities 15 · Injuries 200 · Safety/Environmental
West Fertilizer Ammonium Nitrate Explosion
Root cause: Inadequate fire separation distance for warehouse + missing fire protection + large ammonium nitrate storage.
Official source ↗
CSB-FREEDOM-2017CSB2017Environmental/Toxic
Freedom Industries 化学品释放
Root cause: 老旧储罐腐蚀泄漏，围堰/二次 containment 不足
Official source ↗
机械疲劳RPN 72 · Critical
Failure Mechanism
机械疲劳 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 70% ；Re-inspect ≤every24months
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • 磁粉/超声波检测
  • 应力分析复核
  • Periodic nondestructive testing
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (9)
  • API 510 — Pressure Vessel Inspection Code
  • API 579-1/ASME FFFS
  • API 653 — Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction
  • API 570 — Piping Inspection Code
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • GB/T 12337
  • GB/T 150
  • API RP 571
Lessons Learned (3)
CN-MEM-2010-07-16CN-MEM2010Fatalities 1 · Injuries 1 · Fire/Explosion
大连中石油'7·16'原油库输油管道爆炸火灾事故（2010，1 失踪/1 消防牺牲）
Root cause: 违规在输油管道加注脱硫剂；油轮停卸后仍继续加注致局部富集强氧化；承包商管理缺失；安全审核制度未执行
Official source ↗
CN-MEM-2015-08-12CN-MEM2015Fatalities 165 · Injuries 798 · Fire/Explosion
天津港'8·12'瑞海公司危险品仓库特别重大火灾爆炸事故（2015，165 死）
Root cause: 未批先建、无证违法经营；违规超量储存硝酸铵；违规混存超高堆码；野蛮装卸；未登记重大危险源；培训缺失；应急预案缺失
Official source ↗
CN-MEM-2019-03-21CN-MEM2019Fatalities 78 · Injuries 76 · Explosion
江苏响水天嘉宜'3·21'特别重大爆炸事故（2019，78 死）
Root cause: 长期违法贮存危险废物（硝化废料）；安全环保管理混乱；复产把关流于形式；环评/安评中介出具虚假报告
Official source ↗
脆性断裂RPN 72 · Critical
Failure Mechanism
脆性断裂 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 70% ；Re-inspect ≤every24months
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • 磁粉/超声波检测
  • 应力分析复核
  • Periodic nondestructive testing
RCM Strategy
RTFDesign Modification / Inspection Task
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (9)
  • API 510 — Pressure Vessel Inspection Code
  • API 579-1/ASME FFFS
  • API 653 — Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction
  • API 570 — Piping Inspection Code
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • GB/T 12337
  • GB/T 150
  • API RP 571
Lessons Learned (3)
CN-MEM-2010-07-16CN-MEM2010Fatalities 1 · Injuries 1 · Fire/Explosion
大连中石油'7·16'原油库输油管道爆炸火灾事故（2010，1 失踪/1 消防牺牲）
Root cause: 违规在输油管道加注脱硫剂；油轮停卸后仍继续加注致局部富集强氧化；承包商管理缺失；安全审核制度未执行
Official source ↗
CN-MEM-2015-08-12CN-MEM2015Fatalities 165 · Injuries 798 · Fire/Explosion
天津港'8·12'瑞海公司危险品仓库特别重大火灾爆炸事故（2015，165 死）
Root cause: 未批先建、无证违法经营；违规超量储存硝酸铵；违规混存超高堆码；野蛮装卸；未登记重大危险源；培训缺失；应急预案缺失
Official source ↗
CN-MEM-2019-03-21CN-MEM2019Fatalities 78 · Injuries 76 · Explosion
江苏响水天嘉宜'3·21'特别重大爆炸事故（2019，78 死）
Root cause: 长期违法贮存危险废物（硝化废料）；安全环保管理混乱；复产把关流于形式；环评/安评中介出具虚假报告
Official source ↗
酸性水腐蚀RPN 54 · High
Failure Mechanism
酸性水腐蚀 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Interval by RBI
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • Periodic inspection
  • 状态监测
  • 性能评估
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (9)
  • API 510 — Pressure Vessel Inspection Code
  • API 579-1/ASME FFFS
  • API 653 — Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction
  • API 570 — Piping Inspection Code
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • GB/T 12337
  • GB/T 150
  • API RP 571
Lessons Learned (3)
2005-04-I-TXcsb2005Fatalities 15 · Injuries 180 · Safety/Environmental
BP Texas City Refinery Explosion and Fire
Root cause: Level gauge failure + inadequate overflow protection + missing management-of-change.
Official source ↗
2013-03-I-TXcsb2013Fatalities 15 · Injuries 200 · Safety/Environmental
West Fertilizer Ammonium Nitrate Explosion
Root cause: Inadequate fire separation distance for warehouse + missing fire protection + large ammonium nitrate storage.
Official source ↗
CSB-FREEDOM-2017CSB2017Environmental/Toxic
Freedom Industries 化学品释放
Root cause: 老旧储罐腐蚀泄漏，围堰/二次 containment 不足
Official source ↗
硫化腐蚀RPN 54 · High
Failure Mechanism
硫化腐蚀 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Interval by RBI
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • 壁厚测量(UT)
  • 目视/内窥镜检查
  • 腐蚀速率监测
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (9)
  • API 510 — Pressure Vessel Inspection Code
  • API 579-1/ASME FFFS
  • API 653 — Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction
  • API 570 — Piping Inspection Code
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • GB/T 12337
  • GB/T 150
  • API RP 571
Lessons Learned (3)
2005-04-I-TXcsb2005Fatalities 15 · Injuries 180 · Safety/Environmental
BP Texas City Refinery Explosion and Fire
Root cause: Level gauge failure + inadequate overflow protection + missing management-of-change.
Official source ↗
2013-03-I-TXcsb2013Fatalities 15 · Injuries 200 · Safety/Environmental
West Fertilizer Ammonium Nitrate Explosion
Root cause: Inadequate fire separation distance for warehouse + missing fire protection + large ammonium nitrate storage.
Official source ↗
CSB-FREEDOM-2017CSB2017Environmental/Toxic
Freedom Industries 化学品释放
Root cause: 老旧储罐腐蚀泄漏，围堰/二次 containment 不足
Official source ↗
冲蚀/冲刷腐蚀RPN 54 · High
Failure Mechanism
冲蚀/冲刷腐蚀 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Interval by RBI
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • 壁厚测量(UT)
  • 目视/内窥镜检查
  • 腐蚀速率监测
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (9)
  • API 510 — Pressure Vessel Inspection Code
  • API 579-1/ASME FFFS
  • API 653 — Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction
  • API 570 — Piping Inspection Code
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • GB/T 12337
  • GB/T 150
  • API RP 571
Lessons Learned (3)
2005-04-I-TXcsb2005Fatalities 15 · Injuries 180 · Safety/Environmental
BP Texas City Refinery Explosion and Fire
Root cause: Level gauge failure + inadequate overflow protection + missing management-of-change.
Official source ↗
2013-03-I-TXcsb2013Fatalities 15 · Injuries 200 · Safety/Environmental
West Fertilizer Ammonium Nitrate Explosion
Root cause: Inadequate fire separation distance for warehouse + missing fire protection + large ammonium nitrate storage.
Official source ↗
CSB-FREEDOM-2017CSB2017Environmental/Toxic
Freedom Industries 化学品释放
Root cause: 老旧储罐腐蚀泄漏，围堰/二次 containment 不足
Official source ↗
硫氢化铵腐蚀RPN 54 · High
Failure Mechanism
硫氢化铵腐蚀 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Interval by RBI
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • 壁厚测量(UT)
  • 目视/内窥镜检查
  • 腐蚀速率监测
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (9)
  • API 510 — Pressure Vessel Inspection Code
  • API 579-1/ASME FFFS
  • API 653 — Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction
  • API 570 — Piping Inspection Code
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • GB/T 12337
  • GB/T 150
  • API RP 571
Lessons Learned (3)
2005-04-I-TXcsb2005Fatalities 15 · Injuries 180 · Safety/Environmental
BP Texas City Refinery Explosion and Fire
Root cause: Level gauge failure + inadequate overflow protection + missing management-of-change.
Official source ↗
2013-03-I-TXcsb2013Fatalities 15 · Injuries 200 · Safety/Environmental
West Fertilizer Ammonium Nitrate Explosion
Root cause: Inadequate fire separation distance for warehouse + missing fire protection + large ammonium nitrate storage.
Official source ↗
CSB-FREEDOM-2017CSB2017Environmental/Toxic
Freedom Industries 化学品释放
Root cause: 老旧储罐腐蚀泄漏，围堰/二次 containment 不足
Official source ↗
均匀/局部减薄（通用减薄）RPN 54 · High
Failure Mechanism
均匀/局部减薄（通用减薄） 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Interval by RBI
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • 壁厚测量(UT)
  • 目视/内窥镜检查
  • 腐蚀速率监测
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (9)
  • API 510 — Pressure Vessel Inspection Code
  • API 579-1/ASME FFFS
  • API 653 — Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction
  • API 570 — Piping Inspection Code
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • GB/T 12337
  • GB/T 150
  • API RP 571
Lessons Learned (3)
CN-MEM-2010-07-16CN-MEM2010Fatalities 1 · Injuries 1 · Fire/Explosion
大连中石油'7·16'原油库输油管道爆炸火灾事故（2010，1 失踪/1 消防牺牲）
Root cause: 违规在输油管道加注脱硫剂；油轮停卸后仍继续加注致局部富集强氧化；承包商管理缺失；安全审核制度未执行
Official source ↗
CN-MEM-2015-08-12CN-MEM2015Fatalities 165 · Injuries 798 · Fire/Explosion
天津港'8·12'瑞海公司危险品仓库特别重大火灾爆炸事故（2015，165 死）
Root cause: 未批先建、无证违法经营；违规超量储存硝酸铵；违规混存超高堆码；野蛮装卸；未登记重大危险源；培训缺失；应急预案缺失
Official source ↗
CN-MEM-2019-03-21CN-MEM2019Fatalities 78 · Injuries 76 · Explosion
江苏响水天嘉宜'3·21'特别重大爆炸事故（2019，78 死）
Root cause: 长期违法贮存危险废物（硝化废料）；安全环保管理混乱；复产把关流于形式；环评/安评中介出具虚假报告
Official source ↗
大气腐蚀RPN 54 · High
Failure Mechanism
大气腐蚀 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Interval by RBI
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • 壁厚测量(UT)
  • 目视/内窥镜检查
  • 腐蚀速率监测
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (9)
  • API 510 — Pressure Vessel Inspection Code
  • API 579-1/ASME FFFS
  • API 653 — Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction
  • API 570 — Piping Inspection Code
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • GB/T 12337
  • GB/T 150
  • API RP 571
Lessons Learned (3)
2005-04-I-TXcsb2005Fatalities 15 · Injuries 180 · Safety/Environmental
BP Texas City Refinery Explosion and Fire
Root cause: Level gauge failure + inadequate overflow protection + missing management-of-change.
Official source ↗
2013-03-I-TXcsb2013Fatalities 15 · Injuries 200 · Safety/Environmental
West Fertilizer Ammonium Nitrate Explosion
Root cause: Inadequate fire separation distance for warehouse + missing fire protection + large ammonium nitrate storage.
Official source ↗
CSB-FREEDOM-2017CSB2017Environmental/Toxic
Freedom Industries 化学品释放
Root cause: 老旧储罐腐蚀泄漏，围堰/二次 containment 不足
Official source ↗
保温层下腐蚀RPN 54 · High
Failure Mechanism
保温层下腐蚀 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 60% ；Interval by RBI
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • 拆除保温检查
  • UT 壁厚测量
  • 保温修复与防水
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (9)
  • API 510 — Pressure Vessel Inspection Code
  • API 579-1/ASME FFFS
  • API 653 — Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction
  • API 570 — Piping Inspection Code
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • GB/T 12337
  • GB/T 150
  • API RP 571
Lessons Learned (3)
2005-04-I-TXcsb2005Fatalities 15 · Injuries 180 · Safety/Environmental
BP Texas City Refinery Explosion and Fire
Root cause: Level gauge failure + inadequate overflow protection + missing management-of-change.
Official source ↗
2013-03-I-TXcsb2013Fatalities 15 · Injuries 200 · Safety/Environmental
West Fertilizer Ammonium Nitrate Explosion
Root cause: Inadequate fire separation distance for warehouse + missing fire protection + large ammonium nitrate storage.
Official source ↗
CSB-FREEDOM-2017CSB2017Environmental/Toxic
Freedom Industries 化学品释放
Root cause: 老旧储罐腐蚀泄漏，围堰/二次 containment 不足
Official source ↗
电偶腐蚀RPN 54 · High
Failure Mechanism
电偶腐蚀 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 80% ；Interval by RBI
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • 壁厚测量(UT)
  • 目视/内窥镜检查
  • 腐蚀速率监测
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (9)
  • API 510 — Pressure Vessel Inspection Code
  • API 579-1/ASME FFFS
  • API 653 — Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction
  • API 570 — Piping Inspection Code
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • GB/T 12337
  • GB/T 150
  • API RP 571
Lessons Learned (3)
2005-04-I-TXcsb2005Fatalities 15 · Injuries 180 · Safety/Environmental
BP Texas City Refinery Explosion and Fire
Root cause: Level gauge failure + inadequate overflow protection + missing management-of-change.
Official source ↗
2013-03-I-TXcsb2013Fatalities 15 · Injuries 200 · Safety/Environmental
West Fertilizer Ammonium Nitrate Explosion
Root cause: Inadequate fire separation distance for warehouse + missing fire protection + large ammonium nitrate storage.
Official source ↗
CSB-FREEDOM-2017CSB2017Environmental/Toxic
Freedom Industries 化学品释放
Root cause: 老旧储罐腐蚀泄漏，围堰/二次 containment 不足
Official source ↗
结垢/堵塞RPN 45 · Medium
Failure Mechanism
结垢/堵塞 驱动材料退化/功能失效
How to Detect
Online monitoring · Detection rate 60% ；Interval by RBI
Mitigation (What to Do)
  • 监测压差/流量
  • 定期清洗/化学清洗
  • 检查堵塞物
RCM Strategy
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Interval: High risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Engineering-inferred (not measured history); confirm with equipment owner before execution
Standards (9)
  • API 510 — Pressure Vessel Inspection Code
  • API 579-1/ASME FFFS
  • API 653 — Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction
  • API 570 — Piping Inspection Code
  • ISO 14224:2016 — Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment
  • API 580 — Risk-Based Inspection
  • GB/T 12337
  • GB/T 150
  • API RP 571
Lessons Learned (3)
CN-MEM-2010-07-16CN-MEM2010Fatalities 1 · Injuries 1 · Fire/Explosion
大连中石油'7·16'原油库输油管道爆炸火灾事故（2010，1 失踪/1 消防牺牲）
Root cause: 违规在输油管道加注脱硫剂；油轮停卸后仍继续加注致局部富集强氧化；承包商管理缺失；安全审核制度未执行
Official source ↗
CN-MEM-2015-08-12CN-MEM2015Fatalities 165 · Injuries 798 · Fire/Explosion
天津港'8·12'瑞海公司危险品仓库特别重大火灾爆炸事故（2015，165 死）
Root cause: 未批先建、无证违法经营；违规超量储存硝酸铵；违规混存超高堆码；野蛮装卸；未登记重大危险源；培训缺失；应急预案缺失
Official source ↗
CN-MEM-2019-03-21CN-MEM2019Fatalities 78 · Injuries 76 · Explosion
江苏响水天嘉宜'3·21'特别重大爆炸事故（2019，78 死）
Root cause: 长期违法贮存危险废物（硝化废料）；安全环保管理混乱；复产把关流于形式；环评/安评中介出具虚假报告
Official source ↗