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Equipment H-101
FM creep_bulging
ISO 14224 mode STD Structural deficiency
Source OPC Ontology KB
炉管蠕变/鼓包 (Creep/Bulging)
H-101 · fired_heater
Related equipment → H-101
0.82Source conf.
0.85Evidence conf.
STDISO 14224 mode
1Failure Mechanism
Function:吸收辐射热加热管内介质
Failure cause:操作温度超过设计值；局部过热导致热应力集中；材质高温强度不足
Damage mechanism：高温蠕变破裂（creep rupture, Larson-Miller Parameter 超限）致鼓包/蠕变孔洞
2Source Basis (where this FM comes from)
OPC Ontology KBCSB Accident DBQuant benchmark
Source confidence 0.82: this FM is derived from the ontology KB and cross-validated by OPC Ontology KB·CSB Accident DB·Quant benchmark.
3Evidence Chain (supporting basis)
Evidence text：Remaining Life Assessment of 9Cr-1Mo Steel Radiant Heater Tube in CCR Unit (2024); Root Cause Failure Analysis of Superheater Tube (2024)
Evidence ref code：S2:3c71650e0e9522fa
Evidence conf.：0.85 · Evidence source：API_560
⚠ The evidence ref code S2:3c71650e0e9522fa is an internal index code of this KB, for tracing back to the offline curated corpus; it is not a public doi.org link, hence no hyperlink is provided.
Governing standards (evidence)：std:API-530 — API STD 530 / API RP 530 — Calculation of Heater-Tube Thickness · 炉管厚度/蠕变破裂设计std:API-571 — API 571 — Damage Mechanisms Affecting Fixed Equipment · 损伤机理归类框架std:API-579 — API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 — Fitness-For-Service · 剩余寿命/FFS（蠕变 Omega、Part 10）std:API-560 — API STD 560 — Fired Heaters for General Refinery Service · 管式加热炉设计
4Related Real Accidents (traceable to accident cards)
This FM is recorded in 3 real accident investigation(s); tap the report no. to open the corresponding accident lesson card.
5Applicable Standards & Clauses
API 580GB/T 7826-2012ISO 14224:2016SAE JA1011_202411
Standard clause references (22):
GB/T 7826-2012GB/T 27921-2011GB/T 36894-2018GB/T 44958-2024GB/T 37243-2019GB/T 4888-2008GB/T 29639-2020AQ/T 3034-2022API 581API 580API 510API 570API 571API 579-1/ASME FFS-1API 754API 576API 689API 755ISO 14224:2016ISO 20815:2018IEC 61511:2016ISO 31000:2018
6Derived Analysis (seeded from this FM)
9/3/4FMEA Sev/Occ/Det
0.28RBI λ
0.55Monitor pdet
12 月Insp. int.
Current tasks:定期测量炉管外径 | 监测炉管温度 | 检查火焰分布 | 建立SIL评估（按IEC 61511）确定安全完整性等级 | 每1个月执行proof test验证保护层有效性
RCFA incident:H-101 发生炉管蠕变/鼓包 (Creep/Bulging)，严重程度 9，后果类型 Safety/Environmental
7RCM Maintenance Decision (strategy landing)
CBMOn-Condition Maintenance
Recommended task蠕变测量/金相监测, 按剩余寿命管理; 温度/红外热成像监测, 超温报警与根因排查; 沉降/变形观测 + 支撑/基础评估
Suggested intervalHigh risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Decision basis机理类别=creep; deformation; overheat
Governing standardsAPI 530API 579API 653ASME III厂家规范
⚠ This decision is engineering-inferred by RCM logic from the damage mechanism / root cause / failure cause — it is not derived from measured site history. Confirm with the equipment owner and process before execution.
⚠ 本卡技术正文（功能 / 致因 / 损伤机理 / RCFA 叙事）保留中文原文——依可信 AI 红线，自由技术文本不自动机翻、不编造英文译文。UI、设备类型、FM 名、ISO 码、标准号均为英文。