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Equipment H-101
FM refractory_spalling
ISO 14224 mode STD Structural deficiency
Source OPC Ontology KB
衬里脱落/开裂 (Refractory Spalling)
H-101 · fired_heater
Related equipment → H-101
0.82Source conf.
0.80Evidence conf.
STDISO 14224 mode
1Failure Mechanism
Function:炉膛/烟道内衬
Failure cause:温度急剧变化引起热震；安装或烘烤不当；燃料含硫等腐蚀性物质
Damage mechanism：衬里热震剥落（refractory spalling, thermal shock）+ 含硫腐蚀
2Source Basis (where this FM comes from)
OPC Ontology KBCSB Accident DBQuant benchmark
Source confidence 0.82: this FM is derived from the ontology KB and cross-validated by OPC Ontology KB·CSB Accident DB·Quant benchmark.
3Evidence Chain (supporting basis)
Evidence text：None
Evidence conf.：0.8 · Evidence source：API_560
Governing standards (evidence)：std:API-560 — API STD 560 — Fired Heaters for General Refinery Service · 管式加热炉设计std:API-571 — API 571 — Damage Mechanisms Affecting Fixed Equipment · 损伤机理归类框架
4Related Real Accidents (traceable to accident cards)
This FM is recorded in 3 real accident investigation(s); tap the report no. to open the corresponding accident lesson card.
5Applicable Standards & Clauses
API 580API 581-2025GB/T 7826-2012ISO 14224:2016SAE JA1011_202411
Standard clause references (22):
GB/T 7826-2012GB/T 27921-2011GB/T 36894-2018GB/T 44958-2024GB/T 37243-2019GB/T 4888-2008GB/T 29639-2020AQ/T 3034-2022API 581API 580API 510API 570API 571API 579-1/ASME FFS-1API 754API 576API 689API 755ISO 14224:2016ISO 20815:2018IEC 61511:2016ISO 31000:2018
6Derived Analysis (seeded from this FM)
7/4/3FMEA Sev/Occ/Det
0.34RBI λ
0.55Monitor pdet
4 月Insp. int.
Current tasks:定期壁厚测量 | 红外热成像
RCFA incident:H-101 发生衬里脱落/开裂 (Refractory Spalling)，严重程度 7，后果类型 Safety
7RCM Maintenance Decision (strategy landing)
RTFDesign Modification / Inspection Task
Recommended task温度/红外热成像监测, 超温报警与根因排查; 材质复检 + 无损检测 + 设计/材质升级整改(RTF); 无损检测(UT/VT/MT/PT), 按 API 581 RBI 风险定级设定检验间隔
Suggested intervalHigh risk 1-3 mo / Medium 6-12 mo / Low risk at turnaround (by API 581 RBI risk ranking)
Decision basis机理类别=corrosion; material; overheat
Governing standardsAPI 530API 570API 571API 579API 581ASME VIII厂家规范
⚠ This decision is engineering-inferred by RCM logic from the damage mechanism / root cause / failure cause — it is not derived from measured site history. Confirm with the equipment owner and process before execution.
⚠ 本卡技术正文（功能 / 致因 / 损伤机理 / RCFA 叙事）保留中文原文——依可信 AI 红线，自由技术文本不自动机翻、不编造英文译文。UI、设备类型、FM 名、ISO 码、标准号均为英文。